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Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-07T07:49:17Z

Andynsaffa: /* Reference */

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual metaphor theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions or extraordinary words but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* He ''attacked'' my point.

* I ''defended'' my position.

* She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of '''"war"'''. Even though there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson (1980), then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor.

=== Structural Metaphor ===

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book "Metaphors We Live By" in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" are:
* You're ''wasting'' my time.
* I don't ''have'' the time to ''give'' you.
* You are ''running out'' of time.

In the examples above, '''"time"''' is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports '''"time"''' to be conceptualized as '''"money"''' so that the sentence can be successfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

=== Orientational Metaphor ===
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''.
* He's ''climbing'' the ladder.
* She's at the ''peak'' of her career.

In the examples above, the sentences are considered orientational metaphor because the object represents everyday experiences in human life (social status) that are shaped into correlated spatial concepts.

=== Ontological Metaphor ===
Ontological metaphor are metaphors that sees something that has a non-physical trait (abstract) into something that have physical a physical trait (concrete object). The difference between ontological metaphor and structural metaphor is that ontological metaphor is associated with our daily experience towards human body itself that experience how we see an event, feel emotions, thoughts, etc., which are analogized as an entity and substantial (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of ontological metaphor according to Lakoff & Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of " THE MIND IS A MACHINE" are:
* I'm ''a little rusty'' today.
* My mind just isn't ''operating'' today.
* We've been working on this problem all day and now we're ''running out of steam''.

In the examples above, the sentences are considered ontological metaphor because those sentences correlates a non-physical object of the human body or experience (mind) as a physical object (machine).

== Reference ==

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Talk:Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-07T07:41:06Z

Andynsaffa:

Hello Andyn! Thank you for your article. I think it's very great and i can understand conceptual methapors better, especially because you gave a lot of example. Once again thank you and keep up the good work! :) --[[User:SantosoDannika|SantosoDannika]] ([[User talk:SantosoDannika|talk]]) 06:45, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
<br>
Thank you so much Dannika! I hope this article is helpful, glad you like it!--[[User:Andynsaffa|Andynsaffa]] ([[User talk:Andynsaffa|talk]]) 07:40, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-07T07:40:47Z

Andynsaffa:

Hello Andyn! Thank you for your article. I think it's very great and i can understand conceptual methapors better, especially because you gave a lot of example. Once again thank you and keep up the good work! :) --[[User:SantosoDannika|SantosoDannika]] ([[User talk:SantosoDannika|talk]]) 06:45, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
Thank you so much Dannika! I hope this article is helpful, glad you like it!--[[User:Andynsaffa|Andynsaffa]] ([[User talk:Andynsaffa|talk]]) 07:40, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

User:Andynsaffa

2024-06-07T07:38:16Z

Andynsaffa:

Hello! I'm an undergraduate student majoring in German Literature in the Faculty of Cultural Scinece, Universitas Indonesia.

I have a deep passion in linguistics and excited to learn more about the world of linguistics.<br>
<br>
'''Article in progress''': [http://glottopedia.org/index.php/User:Andynsaffa/Draft Conceptual Metaphor]

Talk:Frasa

2024-06-07T07:31:30Z

Andynsaffa:

Hallo Dannika! Thanks for the article, I was able to learn a lot more about 'Frasa'. If I could give a suggestion, it would be better if the examples are arranged separately from the description sentence or not in the same paragraph. But overall your article is very good. I was able to understand it well.--[[User:Tangkeallo|Tangkeallo]] ([[User talk:Tangkeallo|talk]]) 06:56, 30 May 2024 (UTC)<br>
Hallo Quido! Thank you for your feedback, i really appreciate it! Now i have moved the examples in separate section :)--[[User:SantosoDannika|SantosoDannika]] ([[User talk:SantosoDannika|talk]]) 07:48, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

Hello Dannika! This article about 'Frasa' is very well written and easy to understand, thanks to you. If you don't mind, I would like to tell you one thing I find confusing. In the sub-heading 'Contoh-Contoh Frasa', you give examples of 'Jenis-Jenis Frasa'. Can you give a short description of that before you give examples? That would be very helpful. Regardless, I think you already did a great job! Thank you. --[[User:Andynsaffa|Andynsaffa]] ([[User talk:Andynsaffa|talk]]) 07:31, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T17:35:11Z

Andynsaffa: /* Conceptual Metaphor */ I edited the grammar and punctuations.

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual metaphor theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions or extraordinary words but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* He ''attacked'' my point.

* I ''defended'' my position.

* She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of '''"war"'''. Even though there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson (1980), then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor.

=== Structural Metaphor ===

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book "Metaphors We Live By" in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" are:
* You're ''wasting'' my time.
* I don't ''have'' the time to ''give'' you.
* You are ''running out'' of time.

In the examples above, '''"time"''' is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports '''"time"''' to be conceptualized as '''"money"''' so that the sentence can be successfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

=== Orientational Metaphor ===
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''.
* He's ''climbing'' the ladder.
* She's at the ''peak'' of her career.

In the examples above, the sentences are considered orientational metaphor because the object represents everyday experiences in human life (social status) that are shaped into correlated spatial concepts.

=== Ontological Metaphor ===
Ontological metaphor are metaphors that sees something that has a non-physical trait (abstract) into something that have physical a physical trait (concrete object). The difference between ontological metaphor and structural metaphor is that ontological metaphor is associated with our daily experience towards human body itself that experience how we see an event, feel emotions, thoughts, etc., which are analogized as an entity and substantial (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of ontological metaphor according to Lakoff & Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of " THE MIND IS A MACHINE" are:
* I'm ''a little rusty'' today.
* My mind just isn't ''operating'' today.
* We've been working on this problem all day and now we're ''running out of steam''.

In the examples above, the sentences are considered ontological metaphor because those sentences correlates a non-physical object of the human body or experience (mind) as a physical object (machine).

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T17:07:21Z

Andynsaffa: I add the reason why the examples of ontological metaphor considered as ontological metaphor.

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "''Metaphors We Live By''". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of '''"war"'''. Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor.

=== Structural Metaphor ===

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" are:
* "You're ''wasting'' my time"
* "I don't ''have'' the time to ''give'' you"
* "You are ''running out'' of time"

In the examples above, '''"time"''' is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports '''"time"''' to be conceptualized as '''"money"''' so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

=== Orientational Metaphor ===
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* "She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''"
* "He's ''climbing'' the ladder"
* "She's at the ''peak'' of her career"

In the examples above, the sentences are considered orientational metaphor because the object represents everyday experiences in human life (social status) that are shaped into correlated spatial concepts.

=== Ontological Metaphor ===
Ontological metaphor are metaphors that sees something that has a non-physical trait (abstract) into something that have physical a physical trait (concrete object). The difference between ontological metaphor and structural metaphor is that ontological metaphor is associated with our daily experience towards human body itself that experience how we see an event, feel emotions, thoughts, etc., which are analogized as an entity and substantial (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of ontological metaphor according to Lakoff & Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of " THE MIND IS A MACHINE" are:
* "I'm ''a little rusty'' today"
* "My mind just isn't ''operating'' today"
* "We've been working on this problem all day and now we're ''running out of steam''"

In the examples above, the sentences are considered ontological metaphor because those sentences correlates a non-physical object of the human body or experience (mind) as a physical object (machine).

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T17:02:36Z

Andynsaffa: I add the definition and examples of ontological metaphor based on the book "Metaphors We Live By"

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "''Metaphors We Live By''". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of '''"war"'''. Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor.

=== Structural Metaphor ===

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You're ''wasting'' my time"
* "I don't ''have'' the time to ''give'' you"
* "You are ''running out'' of time"
In the examples above, '''"time"''' is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports '''"time"''' to be conceptualized as '''"money"''' so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

=== Orientational Metaphor ===
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* "She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''"
* "He's ''climbing'' the ladder"
* "She's at the ''peak'' of her career"

In the examples above, the sentences is considered orientational metaphors because the object represents everyday experiences in human life (social status) that are shaped into correlated spatial concepts.

=== Ontological Metaphor ===
Ontological metaphor are metaphors that sees something that has a non-physical trait (abstract) into something that have physical a physical trait (concrete object). The difference between ontological metaphor and structural metaphor is that ontological metaphor is associated with our daily experience towards human body itself that experience how we see an event, feel emotions, thoughts, etc., which are analogized as an entity and substantial (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of ontological metaphor according to Lakoff & Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "MIND IS AN ENTITY" are:
* "I'm ''a little rusty'' today"
* "My mind just isn't ''operating'' today"
* "We've been working on this problem all day and now we're ''running out of steam''"

What to write next:
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T16:40:54Z

Andynsaffa:

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "''Metaphors We Live By''". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

=== Structural Metaphor ===

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You waste my time"
* "I have no time for you"
* "You are running out of time"
In the examples above, "time" is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports "time" to be conceptualized as "money" so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

=== Orientational Metaphor ===
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* "She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''"
* "He's ''climbing'' the ladder"
* "She's at the ''peak'' of her career"

=== Ontological Metaphor ===
Ontological metaphor are

What to write next:
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T16:40:10Z

Andynsaffa: I add the examples of orientational metaphor based on the book "Metaphors We Live By"

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "''Metaphors We Live By''". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

== Structural Metaphor ==

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You waste my time"
* "I have no time for you"
* "You are running out of time"
In the examples above, "time" is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports "time" to be conceptualized as "money" so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

== Orientational Metaphor ==
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as on-off, left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson on their book ''"Metaphors We Live By"'' in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:
* "She'll ''rise'' to the ''top''"
* "He's ''climbing'' the ladder"
* "She's at the ''peak'' of her career"

== Ontological Metaphor ==
Ontological metaphor are

What to write next:
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T16:34:33Z

Andynsaffa: /* Orientational Metaphor */

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T16:33:20Z

Andynsaffa: /* Structural Metaphor */

Conceptual metaphor

2024-06-05T16:28:44Z

Andynsaffa: /* Conceptual Metaphor */

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:27:35Z

Andynsaffa: /* Orientational Metaphor */

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

== Structural Metaphor ==

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You waste my time"
* "I have no time for you"
* "You are running out of time"
In the examples above, "time" is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports "time" to be conceptualized as "money" so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

== Orientational Metaphor ==
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as left-right, up-down, etc. This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The examples of orientational metaphor according to Lakoff and Johnson in the concept of "HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN" are:

What to write next:
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:24:39Z

Andynsaffa: I add the definition of orientational metaphor

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

== Structural Metaphor ==

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You waste my time"
* "I have no time for you"
* "You are running out of time"
In the examples above, "time" is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports "time" to be conceptualized as "money" so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

== Orientational Metaphor ==
Orientational metaphor are metaphors that reflects spatial concepts, such as left-right, ...... This is because orientational metaphors are related to the physical experience of humans in managing directional orientation in their daily lives (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Examples;

What to write next:
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:16:40Z

Andynsaffa:

== Conceptual Metaphor ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

* "He ''attacked'' my point."

* "I ''defended'' my position."

* "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

== Structural Metaphor ==

Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systemic correlations in our daily life. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:
* "You waste my time"
* "I have no time for you"
* "You are running out of time"
In the examples above, "time" is conceptualized with an object that is our daily experience. Time is considered a precious thing and has a value, like money. It is also based on the role of culture that supports "time" to be conceptualized as "money" so that the sentence can be succesfully understood. There are cultures that do not use these things to conceptualize time (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).

What to write next:
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

== Reference ==

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:11:49Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:10:13Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:09:30Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:08:05Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual Metaphor

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

# "He ''attacked'' my point."

# "I ''defended'' my position."

# "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

* Structural Metaphor
Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more concrete concept. Structural metaphors are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Johnson in the concept of "TIME IS MONEY, TIME IS A LIMITED RESOURCE, TIME IS A PRECIOUS OBJECT" is:

What to write next:
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T07:00:42Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual Metaphor

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

Structural Metaphor

What to write next:
- The definition of structural metaphors
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-30T06:58:45Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual Metaphor

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

What to write next:
- The definition of structural metaphors
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference

Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-30T06:55:49Z

Andynsaffa:

== Conceptual Metaphor Theory ==

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:
- "He ''attacked'' my point."
- "I ''defended'' my position."
- "She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

== Structural Metaphor ==
Structural metaphor is a type of metaphor that conceptualizes a more abstract thing into a more abstract concept. Structural metaphor are based on two domains, the source domain and the target domain. It assumes that the target domain is based on systematic correlations in our daily experience. An example of a structural metaphor given by Lakoff and Jphnson in the concept "time is money, time is a limited resource, time is a precious object" is:
- You waste my time

What to write next:
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference
Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-30T06:50:10Z

Andynsaffa:

== Conceptual Metaphor Theory ==

==== Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:
====
* Bulleted list item
"He ''attacked'' my point."

* Bulleted list item
"I ''defended'' my position."

* Bulleted list item
"She ''won'' the argument."

===== In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.
=====

# Numbered list item
Structural Metaphor

What to write next:
- The definition of structural metaphors
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference
Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-30T06:48:21Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual Metaphor Theory

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

1. Structural Metaphor

What to write next:
- The definition of structural metaphors
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

Reference
Lakoff,G., & Johnson,M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago.

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-30T06:46:25Z

Andynsaffa:

Conceptual metaphor

2024-05-24T15:34:49Z

Andynsaffa: I wrote a some things about conceptual metphors (definition, example, etc) I also write what i plan to write next

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, "Metaphors We Live By". The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

Lakoff and Johnson, then categorized conceptual metaphors into three distinct types of metaphors which include structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors.

What to write next:
- The definition of structural metaphors
- examples of structural metaphors
- The definition of orientational metaphors
- Some examples of orientational metaphors
- The definition of ontological metaphors
- The example of ontological metaphors

- Personification as an ontological metaphors

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-24T15:33:24Z

Andynsaffa:

User:Andynsaffa

2024-05-16T05:42:59Z

Andynsaffa: I added more my biography

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-16T05:30:17Z

Andynsaffa: I added more explanation in this entry

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, Metaphors We Live By. The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source).

For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) proposed that many of the things we ''do'' in arguing are partially structured by the concept of "war". Eventhough there aren't any physical battle but there is a verbal battle and the structure of an argument (attack, defense, counterattack, etc) reflects this.

''This article is still on progress
''

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-16T05:19:30Z

Andynsaffa: I added some text in this entry by citing a book titled "Metaphors we Live By" by Lakoff and Johnson.

Conceptual Metaphor Theory is a framework developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their 1980 book, Metaphors We Live By. The theory posits that metaphors are not merely linguistic expressions but fundamental mechanisms of human thought, influencing how we perceive, think, and act. Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source). For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target).

''This article is still on progress
''

User:Andynsaffa/Conceptual Metaphors

2024-05-16T05:15:08Z

Andynsaffa: Created page with "Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source). These metaphors..."

Conceptual metaphors are pervasive patterns of thought where one idea or conceptual domain (the target) is understood in terms of another domain (the source). These metaphors are embedded in everyday language and thought, structuring our experiences unconsciously. For instance, the metaphor "ARGUMENT IS WAR" shapes the way we talk and think about arguments:

"He ''attacked'' my point."

"I ''defended'' my position."

"She ''won'' the argument."

In the examples above, the domain of war (source) provides the framework for understanding arguments (target).

This entry is still in progress

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2024-05-16T05:11:54Z

Andynsaffa: I changed what entry I want to talk about

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2024-05-16T05:09:31Z

Andynsaffa: I changed what entry I want to talk about

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2024-05-16T04:48:29Z

Andynsaffa: I put my name and what I want to write entry about