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Exponent

2021-10-13T12:51:57Z

Chen Shuyi:

In Generative Grammar, especially a branch of it, namely Distributed Morphology, ''exponent'' refers to the phonological form of a vocabulary item inserted at the spell-out stage.

Exponent

2021-10-13T12:51:35Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "In Generative Grammar, especially a branch of which, namely Distributed Morphology, ''exponent'' refers to the phonological form of a vocabulary item inserted at the spell-out..."

In Generative Grammar, especially a branch of which, namely Distributed Morphology, ''exponent'' refers to the phonological form of a vocabulary item inserted at the spell-out stage.

Case Assignment Conditions

2021-08-16T17:35:11Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "A noun or pronoun expression is assigned case by the closest case-assigner which c-commands it (in consequence of the Earliness Principle) and is assigned (i) accusative..."

A noun or pronoun expression is assigned case by the closest case-assigner which c-commands it (in consequence of the Earliness Principle) and is assigned 

(i) accusative case if c-commanded by a transitive head (e.g a transitive verb like meet, or a transitive preposition like with or a transitive complementiser like for or for) 

(ii) nominative case if c-commanded by an intransitive ﬁnite complementiser (like that, that, if or the null declarative main-clause complementiser ø ) 

(iii) null case if c-commanded by a null intransitive non-ﬁnite complementiser ø

Leftness condition

2021-08-06T02:59:38Z

Chen Shuyi: Undo revision 17847 by Chen Shuyi (talk)

'''Leftness condition''' is a [[condition]] proposed in [[Chomsky]] (1976) which states that a [[pronoun]] cannot be [[coindexed]] with a [[variable]] to its right. See [[Weak crossover]].

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Leftness+condition&lemmacode=595 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

=== References ===

* Chomsky, N. 1976. ''Conditions on Rules in Grammar,'' in: Chomsky 1977a., .
* Koopman, H. and D. Sportiche 1982. ''Variables and the Bijection Principle,'' Kaye, J., H. Koopman and D. Sportiche (eds.), Projet sur les langues kru: Premier rapport, pp.176-202, Univ. du Quebec a Montreal

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[[Category:Syntax]]

Leftness condition

2021-08-06T02:54:55Z

Chen Shuyi:

'''Leftness condition''' is a [[condition]] proposed in [[Chomsky]] (1976) which states that a [[pronoun]] cannot be [[coindexed]] with a [[variable]] to its right. The Leftness Condition is a condition applied to LF representations, and it rules out conﬁgurations that result from raising a QNP (under QR) across a nonc-commanding pronoun (i.e., Weak Crossover conﬁgurations). See [[Weak crossover]].

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Leftness+condition&lemmacode=595 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

=== References ===

* Chomsky, N. 1976. ''Conditions on Rules in Grammar,'' in: Chomsky 1977a., .
* Koopman, H. and D. Sportiche 1982. ''Variables and the Bijection Principle,'' Kaye, J., H. Koopman and D. Sportiche (eds.), Projet sur les langues kru: Premier rapport, pp.176-202, Univ. du Quebec a Montreal

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

Weak crossover

2021-08-06T02:48:53Z

Chen Shuyi:

==Definition==
'''Weak crossover''' is a one kind of [[crossover]]:

(i) *whoi did hisi mother see ti 

''Who'' is moved across ''his'' in (i). The fact that ''who'' is moved across ''his'' is referred to as 'weak crossover', because the ungrammaticality is not due to a [[Condition C]] violation as in the case of [[strong crossover]]. [[Binding theory]] has nothing to say on the possibility of coreference between ''who'' and ''his''. ''Who'' is moved to an A'-position, therefore, ''his'' cannot be A-bound by ''who''. Moreover, since ''his'' does not c-command the ''wh''-trace, ''his'' cannot bind it (which would be a condition C violation). Still, coreference between ''who'' and ''his'' is ungrammatical. A wide range of analyses have been proposed, including Chomsky's (1976) [[Leftness condition]], Higginbotham's (1980) [[Accessibility]] Condition, Safir's (1984) PCOB, Reinhart's (1983) S-Structure c-command requirement. Best-known among these is Koopman & Sportiche's (1982) [[Bijection Principle]]. Weak crossover also occurs at LF, in cases such as (ii) containing the quantified expression ''everyone''.

(ii) *Hisi mother loves everyonei 
(iii) *everyonei hisi mother loves ti 

In the [[LF]] (iii), derived by [[Quantifier Raising]], the interpretation of ''his'' as a bound variable is also ruled out by the Bijection Principle.

== Links ==
*[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Weak+crossover&lemmacode=80 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
* Chomsky, N. 1976. ''Conditions on Rules in Grammar,'' in: Chomsky 1977a., .
* Higginbotham, J. 1980. ''Pronouns and Bound Variables,'' Linguistic Inquiry, 679-708
* Koopman, H. and D. Sportiche 1982. ''Variables and the Bijection Principle,'' Kaye, J., H. Koopman and D. Sportiche (eds.), Projet sur les langues kru: Premier rapport, pp.176-202, Univ. du Quebec a Montreal
* May, Robert 1985. ''Logical form,'' MIT Press
* Reinhart, T. 1983. ''Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation,'' Croom Helm:London.
* Ruys, E. 1992. ''The scope of indefinites,'' diss. Utrecht University.
* Ruys, E.G. 1994. ''A global economy analysis of weak crossover,'' in:R. Bok & C. Cremers (eds.) Linguisitcs in the Netherlands 1994, Benjamins:Amsterdam/New York.
* Safir, K. 1984. ''Multiple Varaible Binding,'' Linguistic Inquiry 15-4, 603-638

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[[Category:Syntax]]

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Binding

2021-08-05T00:25:11Z

Chen Shuyi:

In generative syntax, '''binding''' refers to a relation in which the reference of a certain element is dependent on the reference of another element. Especially, it refers to that an element is coindexed with its antecedent which c-commands it, hence it is bound by the antecedent.

In semantics, '''binding''' is a term that is used to refer the relation obtaining between a [[quantifier]] All(''v'') or Exists(''v'') and the occurrences of the [[variable]] ''v'' in its [[scope]]:

(i) All(''v'')[ ... ''v'' ... ]
(ii) Exists(''v'')[ ... ''v'' ... ]

===Comments===
In the following formula only the first occurrence of ''x'' is bound by All but not the second (which is not in the [[scope]] of All):

(iii) All(''x'')[P(''x'') -> Q(''y'')] & R(''x'')

The first occurrence of ''x'' is called a [[bound variable]], the second occurrence is called a [[free variable]].

===See also===
*[[Binding theory]]
*[[Bind]]

===Link===
[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Binding&lemmacode=829 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

===Reference===
Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

===Other languages===
German [[Bindung]] 
French [[liage]] 

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[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Semantics]]

Principle of Lexical Association

2021-08-02T15:18:27Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "'''Principle of Lexical Association (PLA)''' is a principle that an operator like ''only'' must be associated with a lexical constituent in its ccommand domain. == References..."

'''Principle of Lexical Association (PLA)''' is a principle that an operator like ''only'' must be associated with a lexical constituent in its ccommand domain.

== References ==
* Tancredi, Chris. 1990. Syntactic association with focus. In ''Proceedings from the First Meeting of the Formal Linguistic Society of Mid-America'', 289–303. University of Wisconsin–Madison.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]

A-bar movement

2021-07-31T02:47:26Z

Chen Shuyi:

In generative syntax, '''A-bar movement''' (or '''A ′-movement''') is [[movement]] to an [[A-bar position]] (e.g. [[wh-movement]]). As is well known, unbounded dependencies are a characteristic property of A ′-movement （Huang et al., 2009).
Constructions that have been shown to be derived by A ′-movement are typically labeled as “wh-movement” structures because they are well represented by wh-interrogative constructions in English. A-movement is generally limited within the minimal domain containing a subject, whereas A ′ -movement allows long-distance operations.

===Origin===
The term was first used in the late 1980s.

===Characteristics===
The following are characteristics of A ′-movement: 
a. A gap exists and has an A ′-antecedent. 
b. The antecedent–gap relation can cross multiple clause boundaries – unbounded dependency. 
c. The dependency relation is sensitive to locality conditions such as Subjacency and the Condition on Extraction Domain.

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-bar+movement&lemmacode=964 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]
{{stub}}

A-bar movement

2021-07-30T18:24:08Z

Chen Shuyi:

In generative syntax, '''A-bar movement''' (or '''A ′-movement''') is [[movement]] to an [[A-bar position]] (e.g. [[wh-movement]]). As is well known, unbounded dependencies are a characteristic property of A ′-movement （Huang et al., 2009).
Constructions that have been shown to be derived by A ′-movement are typically labeled as “wh-movement” structures because they are well represented by wh-interrogative constructions in English.

===Origin===
The term was first used in the late 1980s.

===Characteristics===
The following are characteristics of A ′-movement: 
a. A gap exists and has an A ′-antecedent. 
b. The antecedent–gap relation can cross multiple clause boundaries – unbounded dependency. 
c. The dependency relation is sensitive to locality conditions such as Subjacency and the Condition on Extraction Domain.

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-bar+movement&lemmacode=964 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]
{{stub}}

A-bar movement

2021-07-30T18:22:53Z

Chen Shuyi:

In generative syntax, '''A-bar movement''' (or '''A ′-movement''') is [[movement]] to an [[A-bar position]] (e.g. [[wh-movement]]). As is well known, unbounded dependencies are a characteristic property of A ′-movement （Huang et al., 2009).
Constructions that have been shown to be derived by A ′-movement are typically labeled as “wh-movement” structures because they are well represented by wh-interrogative constructions in English.

===Origin===
The term was first used in the late 1980s.

===Characteristics===
The following are characteristics of A ′-movement:
a. A gap exists and has an A ′-antecedent.
b. The antecedent–gap relation can cross multiple clause boundaries – unbounded dependency.
c. The dependency relation is sensitive to locality conditions such as Subjacency and the Condition on Extraction Domain.

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-bar+movement&lemmacode=964 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]
{{stub}}

A-bar movement

2021-07-30T18:22:05Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding info

In generative syntax, '''A-bar movement''' (or '''A ′-movement''') is [[movement]] to an [[A-bar position]] (e.g. [[wh-movement]]). As is well known, unbounded dependencies are a characteristic property of A ′-movement （Huang et al., 2009).
Constructions that have been shown to be derived by A ′-movement are typically labeled as “wh-movement” structures because they are well represented by wh-interrogative constructions in English.

===Origin===
The term was first used in the late 1980s.

===Characteristics===
a. A gap exists and has an A ′-antecedent.

b. The antecedent–gap relation can cross multiple clause boundaries – unbounded dependency.

c. The dependency relation is sensitive to locality conditions such as Subjacency and the Condition on Extraction Domain.

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-bar+movement&lemmacode=964 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]
{{stub}}

A-bar movement

2021-07-30T18:13:35Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding info

Minimal Distance Principle

2021-07-29T08:04:03Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "'''Minimal Distance Principle (MDP)''' requires a PRO or NOP to be controlled by, or predicated on, the closest c-commanding NP. {{dc}} Category:Syntax Category:Generat..."

'''Minimal Distance Principle (MDP)''' requires a PRO or NOP to be controlled by, or predicated on, the closest c-commanding NP.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]

Predicate Internal Subject Hypothesis

2021-07-29T03:11:16Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "A hypothesis that a VP contains a subject position of its own. {{dc}} Category:Syntax Category:Generative grammar"

A hypothesis that a VP contains a subject position of its own.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]

NOP

2021-07-28T13:15:06Z

Chen Shuyi:

==Definition==
The abbreviation for '''null operator'''.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]

Proper Binding Condition

2021-07-28T13:14:33Z

Chen Shuyi:

==Definition==
A syntactic condition that movement must target a c-commanding position.

== Example ==
√ calf as the head of the object NP can move to HAVE because movement is known to obey the Proper Binding Condition. In (i), V c-commands N, so the nominal root may move to the light verb as desired.
<nowiki>
(i) VP
/ \
/ \
V NP
| |
| N'
| |
| N
| |
HAVE √calf
</nowiki>

== References ==
* Fiengo, Robert. 1977. On trace theory. ''Linguistic Inquiry'' 8: 35–62.
* Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). ''The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10)''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Lasnik, Howard and Mamoru Saito. 1993. ''Move 〈 : conditions on its application and output''. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]

A-bar movement

2021-07-28T13:14:08Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding useful info

In generative syntax, '''A-bar movement''' (or '''A ′-movement''') is [[movement]] to an [[A-bar position]] (e.g. [[wh-movement]]). As is well known, unbounded dependencies are a characteristic property of A ′-movement （Huang et al., 2009).

===Origin===
The term was first used in the late 1980s.

=== Link ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-bar+movement&lemmacode=964 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

== References ==
Huang, C. T. J., Li, Y. H. A., & Li, Y. (2009). The syntax of Chinese (Vol. 10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Generative grammar]]
{{stub}}

Proper Binding Condition

2021-07-28T07:45:36Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding category

NOP

2021-07-28T07:44:54Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding category

==Definition==
The abbreviation for '''null operator'''.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

NOP

2021-07-28T07:43:55Z

Chen Shuyi: Created page with "==Definition== The abbreviation for '''null operator'''."

==Definition==
The abbreviation for '''null operator'''.

Proper Binding Condition

2021-07-26T08:48:08Z

Chen Shuyi: I think this is important

User:Chen Shuyi

2021-07-26T08:15:26Z

Chen Shuyi: Adding personal information

Name: Chen Shuyi 
Affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Peking University 
Email: djj8841144@gmail.com 
 
Hello! I am a postgraduate student in linguistics. I hope I can contribute to this website as much as possible.

User:Chen Shuyi

2021-07-26T08:10:17Z

Chen Shuyi:

Name: Chen Shuyi /n
Affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Peking University

User:Chen Shuyi

2021-07-26T08:06:32Z

Chen Shuyi: To provide my identity

Name: Chen Shuyi
Affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Peking University