Glottopedia - User contributions [en]

A-position

2008-12-24T05:58:08Z

Javier Carro: checking ortography

'''A-position''' is a position that in [[D-structure]] can be occupied by an [[argument]]. A-positions are positions to which a [[theta-role]] can be assigned (subject and object positions). A-positions are also known as Argument positions. A position which is not an A-position is called an A'-position (A-bar-position).

===Examples===
The NPs ''John and apples'' in the sentence ''John eats apples'' are in A-positions (in D-structure).

The position occupied by operators such as ''who'' in e.g. ''who does he see?'' is an A'-position. Another term for A'-position is Non-Argument position.

===Link===
[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=A-position&lemmacode=1032 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

===References===
*{{: Chomsky 1981}}
*{{: Chomsky 1986}}
*{{: Chomsky 1993}}

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

User:Javier Carro/Linguistic terminology

2008-12-23T15:30:11Z

Javier Carro: New page: ==A== Abelian group (in semantics) abessive case abbreviation ablative absolute ablative case abrupt onset of voicing abruptive absolute [[abso...

==A==

[[Abelian group]] (in [[semantics]])

[[abessive case]]

[[abbreviation]]

[[ablative absolute]]

[[ablative case]]

[[abrupt onset of voicing]]

[[abruptive]]

[[absolute]]

[[absolute adjective]]

[[absolute antonymy]]

[[absolute nominative]]

[[absolute social deixis]]

[[absolute tense]]

[[absolute-relative tense]]

[[absolute superlative]]

[[absolute universal]]

[[absolutive case]]

[[abstract noun]]

[[abstraction]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[abstractness controversy]]

[[accent]]

[[acceptability]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[accesibility]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[accidence]]

[[accompaniment as a semantic role]]

[[account]]

[[accoustics]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[accusative case]]

[[accusative language]]

[[accusative plus infinitive construction]]

[[accusativization]]

[[active articulator]]

[[achievement]]

[[achievement test]]

[[acoustic agnosia]]

[[acoustic allesthesia]]

[[acoustic analysis]]

[[acoustic cue]]

[[acoustic image]]

[[acoustic phonetics]]

[[acquired dyslexia]]

[[acquired language disorder]]

[[acquisition hypothesis]]

[[acrolect]]

[[acronym]]

[[acrophone]]

[[acrophony]]

[[actant]]

[[ACTFL proficiency guidelines]]

[[action denoting verb]]

[[active articulator]]

[[active language]]

[[active voice]]

[[actor-action-model]]

[[actual implicature]]

[[actual presupposition]]

[[acute accent]]

[[adequacy]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[adessive]]

[[additive relation]]

[[addressee]]

[[addressee honorific]]

[[adhortative]]

[[adjacency pair]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[adjectival adverb]]

[[adjectival phrase]]

[[adjective]]

[[adjective phrase]]

[[adjunct]]

[[adjunction]]

[[adposition]]

[[adpositional phrase]]

[[adsentential]]

[[adstratum]]

[[advanced tongue root]]

[[adverb]]

[[adverbial clause]]

[[adverbial predication]]

[[adverbializer]]

[[advertising language]]

[[affected object]]

[[affective meaning]]

[[affiliation]]

[[affix]]

[[afix movement]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[affixation]]

[[affixoid]]

[[affricate]]

[[affrication]]

[[agent as a semantic role]] or agentive

[[agglutination]]

[[agglutinative language]] or agglutinating

[[agnosia]]

[[agrammatism]]

[[agraphia]]

[[agreement]]

[[airstream mechanism]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alethic modality]]

[[alexia]]

[[algebraic linguistics]]

[[alienable noun]]

[[alienable possession]]

[[allative case]]

[[all-quantifier]]

[[allegation]]

[[allegory]]

[[alliteration]]

[[allo-]]

[[alloflex]]

[[allograph]]

[[allomorph]]

[[allophone]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alloseme]]

[[allotagm]]

[[allotax]]

[[alpha movement]] (in [[transformational grammar]])

[[alpha notation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alpha privativum]]

[[alphabet]]

[[alphabetic writing system]]

[[alternant]]

[[alternation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alternative principle]]

[[alternative question]]

[[alternative relation]]

[[alveolar]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alveolar ridge]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[alveo-palatal]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[amalgam]]

[[amalgamation]]

[[ambiguity]]

[[ambiguous consonant sequence]]

[[ambiguous phonetic transition]]

[[ambiguous segment]]

[[ambiguous sequence]]

[[ambiguous vowel sequence]]

[[ambisyllabic]]

[[American structuralism]]

[[Americanist system]]

[[amnesia]]

[[amplification relation]]

[[amplitude]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[anacoluthon]]

[[anagram]]

[[analogist]]

[[analogue communication]]

[[analogy]]

[[analytic definition]]

[[analytic language]] from Schlegel 1818

[[analytic sentence]]

[[anaphora]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[anaphoric clitic]]

[[anaphoric island]] in Postal 1969

[[anaptyxis]]

[[anarthria]] from [[clinical phonology]] and [[speech language pathology]]

[[anastrophe]] ([[figure of speech]])

[[anchored entity]]

[[animal communication]]

[[animate class]]

[[anomalist]]

[[answer]]

[[antanaclasis]]

[[antecedent]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[anterior]] (in [[phonology]])

[[anthimeria]]

[[anthology]]

[[anthroponymy]] (in [[onomastics]]

[[anthroposemiotics]] (in [[semiotics]])

[[anticipatory assimilation]]

[[anticipatory illocution]]

[[antimentalism]] (in [[behaviorism]])

[[antipassive voice]]

[[antithesis relation]]

[[antonomasia]]

[[antonymy]]

[[aorist]]

[[A-over-A principle]] (in [[transformational grammar]])

[[apex]] (in phonetics]])

[[aphaeresis]]

[[aphasia]] (in [[neurolinguistics]])

[[aphemia]] Broca

[[aphesis]] (in [[language change]])

[[aphonia]] (in [[speech-language pathology]])

[[apical]] (in [[phonetics]])

[[apico-alveolar]] ([[phonetics]])

[[apico-dental]] (in [[phonetics]])

[[apico-labial]] (in [[phonetics]])

[[apico-post-alveolar]] (in [[phonetics]])

[[apocopation]] >> [[apocope]]

[[apodosis]]

[[apokoinu]]

[[apophony]] >> [[ablaut]]

[[aposiopesis]]

[[A-position]] [[A-structure]]

[[apostrophe]]

[[appellative function of language]]

[[application]] from H.B Curry

[[applicational generative model]]

[[applicative]]

[[applied linguistics]]

[[apposition]]

[[appropriateness condition]]

[[approximant]]

[[apraxia]]

[[apraxic agraphia]] >> [[apraxia]]

[[arbitrariness]]

[[archaism]]

[[archilexeme]] by B. Pottier

[[archiphoneme]] from [[Prague School]]

[[Arc Pair Grammar]] >> [[Relational grammar]]

[[areal linguistics]] >> [[dialect geography]]

[[argot]]

[[argument]]

[[argument array]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[argument linking]] in R. Lieber 1983.

[[argument position]] in Chomsky

[[argumentation]]

[[argumenthood]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[arrow]] in comparative linguistics

[[article]]

[[articulation base]]

[[articulation disorder]]

[[articulation process]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[articulator]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[articulatory canal]] >> vocal tract

[[articulatory organ]]

[[articulatory phonetics]]

[[ascertainment relation]]

[[ascription feature]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[aspect]]

[[aspects model]] in Chomsky 1965

[[aspirated]] or [[aspiration]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[assertion]]

[[assertive illocutionary point]]

[[assibilation]]

[[assimilation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[association]] in phsycholinguistics

[[association line]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[associative meaning]] >> connotation

[[assumption]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[assumptive mood]]

[[asterisk]]

[[asyndeton]]

[[atelic]]

[[aterminative]]

[[athematic verb]]

[[ATN grammar]]

[[atomic concept]] >> [[semantic primitive]]

[[atomic sentence]]

[[attachment]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[attraction schema]]

[[attributable silence]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[attribute]]

[[attributive cluster]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[attributive formator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[attribution relation]]

[[attributive adjective]]

[[attributive system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[attributive use]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[audience]]

[[audio-lingual method]]

[[audio-lingualism|audio-lingual method]]

[[auditory evidential]]

[[auditory phonetics]]

[[augment]]

[[augmentative]]

[[aigmented transition network grammar]] ATN

[[''a''-umlaut]]

[[aunt]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[authorized recipient]]

[[authorized speaker]]

[[autism]]

[[autonomous syntax]]

[[autonomy of levels]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[autosegmental phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[autosemantic word]]

[[auxesis]]

[[auxiliary contraction]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[auxiliary verb]]

[[axiomatics of linguistics]]

==B==

[[backchannel signal]] or backchannel (in [[pragmatics]])

[[back formation]]

[[back vowel]]

[[background entailment]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[background relation]]

[[backing]] >> [[velarization]]

[[balance schema]]

[[bald on record]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[barbarism]]

[[bar notation]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[Bartholomae's Law]]

[[base component]] [[generative grammar]]

[[base (morpheme)]]

[[basic statement]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[basic vocabulary]]

[[basic word order]]

[[basilect]] >> [[acrolect]]

[[basis]]

[[beech argument]]

[[beginning-postspan relation]]

[[Behaghel's laws]]

[[behaviorism]]

[[benefactive case]]

[[beneficiary as a semantic role]]

[[Berlitz method]]

[[biconditional relation]]

[[bidirectional assimilation]]

[[bilabial]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[bilateral implication]]

[[bilateral opposition]]

[[bilingualism]]

[[binding]]

[[binding theory]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[biphonemic classification]]

[[bisegmentalization]]

[[biuniqueness]]

[[black box analysis]]

[[blockage schema]]

[[blocking circumstance]]

[[borrowed meaning]]

[[borrowing]]

[[bottom up vs top down]]

[[boundary marker]]

[[bounding]]

[[bound morpheme]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[bound root]]

[[bound stem]]

[[bounded deixis]]

[[boundedness]]

[[box diagram]]

[[brace]] [[brace notation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[brace construction]]

[[brachylogy]]

[[bracketing]]

[[bracketing paradox]]

[[branch]]

[[brand-new entity]]

[[breaking]] in [[comparativw linguistics]]

[[breathy vowel]] [[breathy voice]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[bridge verb]]

[[Broca's aphasia]]

[[Broca's area]]

[[bucco-facial apraxie]]

[[Burzio's generalization]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[bystander]]

[[bystander honorific]]

== C ==

[[cacophony]]

[[cacuminal]]

[[calque]]

[[cant]]

[[cardinal numeral]]

[[cardinal vowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[case]]

[[casus rectus]]

[[catachresis]]

[[cataphora]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[catastrophe theory]] by Wildgen 1982

[[catchword]]

[[categorematic expression]]

[[categorial grammar]]

[[Categorial Rule]]

[[Categorial Unification Grammar]]

[[category]]

[[Category-neutral rule]]

[[category symbol]] in transformational grammar

[[causal clause]]

[[causal relation]]

[[causative]]

[[causative case]]

[[causer as a semantic role]]

[[c-command]] in [[transformational grammar]]

[[cedilla]]

[[center-periphery schema]]

[[centralization]]

[[centrifugal]] in dependency grammar

[[centripetal]] in [[dependency grammar]] by tesnière

[[centum vs satem languages]]

[[Cercle Linguistique de Conpenhague]] >> glossematics

[[cessative aspect]]

[[chain]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[chain of illocutionary commitments]]

[[characteristic function]] in categorial grammar

[[chart]] in parsing

[[checked syllable]]

[[child speech]]

[[chiasmus]]

[[Chosmky adjunction]] in [[transformational grammar]]

[[chunk]] (Miller and Selfridge (1950))

[[cinconstant]] in [[dependency grammar]]

[[circular definition]]

[[circumfix]]

[[circumfixation]]

[[circumflex]]

[[class]]

[[classifier]]

[[clasifying language]] in [[language typology]]

[[clasifying verb]]

[[clausal implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[Clause-last Principle]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[Clausal Subject Principle]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[clause]]

[[clause chain]]

[[clase-mate condition]] in [[transformational grammar]]

[[clear "l"]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[cleft sentence]]

[[click]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[climax]]

[[clinical linguistics]]

[[clinical phonology]]

[[clipping]]

[[clitic]]

[[cliticization]]

[[close approximation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[close future tense]]

[[closed class]] (synsematic word)

[[closed syllable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[closed vowel]]

[[cluster]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics and Weinreich's semantic theory)

[[cluttering]] in [[speech-language pathology]]

[[coalescence]]

[[co-argument condition]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[co-articulation]] in phonetics

[[co-constituent]] in syntax

[[coda]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[code]] in [[information theory]]

[[code switching]] sociolinguistics

[[code theory]]

[[coding time]]

[[cognate]]

[[cognitive grammar]]

[[cognitive linguistics]]

[[cognitive synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[coherence]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[cohesion]]

[[cohortative]] in modality

[[coindexing]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[coining]] word formation

[[collateral information]]

[[collective noun]]

[[colligation]]

[[collocate]]

[[collocation]]

[[collocation test]] in M. Joos 1958

[[colloquial speech]]

[[colon]]

[[color terms]]

[[combination]] in [[glossematics]]

[[comitative case]]

[[comma]]

[[command]]

[[comment]]

[[commissive illocutionary point]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[commissive modality]]

[[commitment between illocutionary acts]]

[[common noun]]

[[commonsense reasoning]] in computational linguistics

[[communication]]

[[communication model]]

[[communication science]]

[[communicative competence]]

[[commutation test]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]] and [[structuralism]])

[[COMP position]] in syntax

[[compact vs difuse]] in phonology

[[comparative]]

[[comparative linguistics]]

[[comparative reconstruction]]

[[competence]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[complement]]

[[complement clause]]

[[complement selection rule]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[complementary distribution]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[complementizer]]

[[complex constituent]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[complex illocutionary act]]

[[complex sentence]]

[[complex symbol]]

[[complexity]] in computational linguistics

[[component]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics and in transformational grammar)

[[componential analysis]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[componential formula]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[componential synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[compositionality of meaning]]

[[compound]]

[[compound discourse]]

[[compound predicate]]

[[compound sentence]]

[[compound tense]] in [[transformational grammar]]

[[comprehensibility]] in text composition

[[compulsion schema]]

[[conative]]

[[concatenation]] in transformational grammar

[[conceptual extendedness]]

[[concession relation]]

[[concessive clause]]

[[conclusion]]

[[conclusive]]

[[concomitance]]

[[concord]]

[[concrete noun]]

[[conditional clause]]

[[conditional implication]]

[[conditional formator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[conditional relation]]

[[conditional relevance]] in conversation analysis

[[conditioning]] by Pavlov

[[configurationality]] in [[transformational grammar]]

[[conflating rule]]

[[conjugation]]

[[conjunct]]

[[conjunction]]

[[conjunctive adverb]]

[[conjunctive illocutionary act]]

[[conjunctive verb]]

[[connecting vowel]]

[[connection]] in [[dependency grammar]]

[[connectionism]] in artificial intelligence

[[connective]]

[[connex relation]] in formal logic, [[set theory]]

[[connotation]]

[[consecutive interpreting]]

[[consequence clause]]

[[consequent]]

[[consociation]]

[[constancy under negation]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[consonant]]

[[consonant modification]]

[[constituency rule]]

[[constituent]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[constituent structure]]

[[constitutive rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[constraint]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[construction]]

[[container metaphor]]

[[containment schema]]

[[content]]

[[content condition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[content word]]

[[context of an expression]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[context sensitive rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[context-free rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[contextual redundancy rule]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[continuant]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[continuer]]

[[continuous aspect]]

[[contoid]]

[[contraction]]

[[contraction relation]]

[[contradiction]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[contrast in analogous environments]]

[[contrast in identical environments]]

[[contrast relation]]

[[contrastive]]

[[contrastive analysis]]

[[contrastive distribution]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[contrastive pragmatics]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[control]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[control verb]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[conventional implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[conventional metaphor]]

[[conventional metonymy]]

[[conversation analysis]]

[[conversational implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[conversational maxim]] (in [[semantics]])

[[conversational style]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[converseness]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[co-ocurrence restriction]]

[[cooperative principle]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[coordinate clause]]

[[coordinating conjunction]]

[[coordination reduction]] (transformational rule) (in [[semantics]])

[[copula]]

[[core argument]]

[[core grammar]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[coreference]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[corpus]]

[[corpus linguistics]]

[[correction relation]]

[[correctness]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[correlative conjunction]]

[[correspondence set]]

[[co-text]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[count noun]]

[[counteragent as a semantic role]]

[[counterevidence]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[counterfactual conditional relation]]

[[countefactual presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[counterforce schema]]

[[creaky voice]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[creativity]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[creole]]

[[critical discourse analysis]]

[[cross-cultural pragmatics]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[cross-linguistic variation]]

[[crossing branches]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[cultural schemata]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[cuneiform]]

[[cycle schema]]

==D==

[[dark "l"]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[dative as a semantic role]]

[[dative case]]

[[daughter]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[declaration]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[declarative illocutionary point]]

[[declarative mood]]

[[declension]]

[[deductive implication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[deductive mood]]

[[Deep Representation Theory]] (DRT) (in [[semantics]])

[[deep structure]]

[[default rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[defective illocutionary act]]

[[defective verb]]

[[deference strategy]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[definite]]

[[definite formator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[definite concessive relation]]

[[definite identifiability]]

[[definiteness]]

[[definition]]

[[degree]]

[[deictic center]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[deictic expression]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[deictic projection]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[delative case]]

[[delay]]

[[deletion]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[deliberative mood]]

[[delinking]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[demonstrative]]

[[demotion]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[dental]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[deontic modality]]

[[dependence rule]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[dependent of a phrase]]

[[derivation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[derivational affix]]

[[Derivational Theory of Complexity]] (in CDA)

[[derivative]]

[[descendant]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[description relation]]

[[descriptive adequacy]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[descriptive text]]

[[designative]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[designator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[determiner]]

[[development lexical relation]]

[[devoicing]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[diachrony]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[dialect]]

[[dialogue discourse]]

[[different subject marker]]

[[diphthong]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[direct illocution]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[direct object]]

[[direct speech]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[directive illocutionary point]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[directive modality]]

[[discontinuous constituents]]

[[discontinuous morpheme]]

[[discourse]]

[[discourse analysis]]

[[discourse deixis]]

[[discourse representation theory]] (in [[semantics]])

[[discourse schema]]

[[dislocation]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[dismissive relation]]

[[dispreferred second part]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[dissimilation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[distal]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[distribution]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[distributive aspect]]

[[distributive numeral]]

[[ditransitivity]]

[[diversion schema]]

[[''do'' support]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[dominance]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[double stop]]

[[downgrade]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[DRT]] see [[Deep Representation Theory]] (in [[semantics]])

[[D-structure]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[dual articulation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[dual number]]

[[dubitative mood]]

[[dummy word]]

[[dynamic predicate logic]] (in [[semantics]])

== E ==

[[echo question]]

[[economy]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[ejective]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[elaboration relation]]

[[elative case]]

[[elementary illocutionary act]]

[[elicitation]]

[[elicitation frame]]

[[elision]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[elliptical construction]]

[[elsewhere condition]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[embedded repair]]

[[embedding]]

[[empathetic deixis]]

[[emphasis marker]]

[[emphatic additive relation]]

[[emphatic alternative relation]]

[[emphatic pronoun]]

[[empty cluster]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[empty formula]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[empty node]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[enablement relation]]

[[enablement schema]]

[[enclitic]]

[[endocentric construction]]

[[end-of-path schema]]

[[endophora]]

[[entailment]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[entity metaphor]]

[[environment]]

[[epenthesis]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[epistemic modality]]

[[epistemic qualification]]

[[equative case]]

[[equative clause]]

[[equilibrium schema]]

[[equivalent]]

[[ergative case]]

[[essential condition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[essive case]]

[[etymon]]

[[etymology]]

[[euphemism]]

[[evaluation information]]

[[evaluation relation]]

[[evaluative meaning]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[event]]

[[evidence relation]]

[[evidentiality]]

[[evoked entity]]

[[Excepcional Case Marking]] [[ECM]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[Excepcional Clause]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[exclamation]]

[[exclamative]]

[[exclusive alternative relation]]

[[exclusive first person deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[exemplification relation]]

[[exhaustive dominance]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[existential clause]]

[[existential marker]]

[[existential presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[existential quantifier]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[existentially construed]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[exocentric construction]]

[[exophora]]

[[experiencer as a semantic role]]

[[experiential perfect aspect]]

[[explanatory adequacy]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[expletive]]

[[explicit performative]]

[[exposed repair]]

[[expository discourse]]

[[expository text]]

[[expression]]

[[expressive illocutionary point]]

[[Extended Projection Principle]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[extendedness]]

[[extension]]

[[external argument]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[external relation]]

[[external relative clause]]

[externalism]] (in [[semantics]])

[[extraposition]]

== F ==

[[face]]

[[face saving act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[face threatening act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[face wants]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[factitive as a semantic role]]

[[factive presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[factual implication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[factual synonym]]

[[failure of fit]]

[[family]] (language families)

[[familiarity]]

[[feature]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[feature-changing rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[feature dependency]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[feature geometry]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[feature matrix]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[feeling-tone]]

[[felicity conditions]]

[[feminine gender]]

[[field distinction]]

[[field notebook]]

[[figurative sense]]

[[final clause]]

[[finite clause]]

[[finite verb]]

[[first part]]

[[first person deixis]]

[[fit]]

[[fixed collocation]]

[[fixed lexical collocation]]

[[flap]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[floor]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[flouting implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[focus]]

[[foot]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[force as a semantic role]]

[[force schema]]

[[foreground entailment]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[formal language]]

[[formal rule of synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[formality]]

[[formant]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[formative]]

[[formator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[fortis consonant]]

[[fossilized term]]

[[frame]]

[[free morpheme]]

[[free translation]]

[[free variation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[frequency]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[fricative]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[full noun phrase]]

[[function word]]

[[fundamental frequency]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[fusional language]]

[[future perfect tense]]

[[future tense]]

[[future-in-future tense]]

[[future-in-past tense]]

[[future-perfect-in-past tense]]

== G==

[[gap]]

[[gender]]

[[general conditions]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[generalized conversational implicature]]

[[generalized quantificational logic]] (in [[semantics]])

[[given information]]

[[grammatical gender]]

[[generalized implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[generative grammar]]

[[generative phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[generic term]]

[[generic-specific lexical relation]]

[[genitive case]]

[[genre]]

[[gestural usage]]

[[given information]]

[[given versus new information]]

[[glide]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[gloss]]

[[glotal]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[glottal stop]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[glottalic egressive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[glottalic ingressive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[glottalisation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[glottis]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[goal as a semantic role]]

[[governing category]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[government]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[grammatical category]]

[[grammatical competence]]

[[grammatical relation]]

[[grammatical rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[grammatical tone]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[Greek-letter variable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[grounding]]

== H ==

[[habitual aspect]]

[[harmonics]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[["have" contraction]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[head]]

[[head of a phrase]]

[[headedness]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[headword]]

[[heavy syllable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[hedged performative]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[Herz]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[hesitation pause]]

[[hesternal past tense]]

[[heterosyllabic]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[hierarchical lexical relation]]

[[hierarchical system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[high considerateness style]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[high involvement style]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[hodiernal future tense]]

[[hodiernal past tense]]

[[homograph]]

[[homonym]]

[[homophone]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[homophora]]

[[homorganic]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[honorific]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[horizontal deixis]]

[[hortatory discourse]]

[[hortatory text]]

[[host]]

[[human class]]

[[hypercorrection]]

[[hyperbole]]

[[hyponym]]

[[hypothetical mood]]

== I ==

[[iconic sign]]

[[identity of illocutionary forces]]

[[ideational function]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[ideophone]]

[[idiom]]

[[illative case]]

[[illocutionary act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[illocutionary conditional]]

[[illocutionary connective]]

[[illocutionary consistency]]

[[illocutionary denegation]]

[[illocutionary force]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[illocutionary force indicating device]] IFID (in [[pragmatics]])

[[illocutionary inconsistency]]

[[illocutionary point]]

[[illocutionary verb]]

[[illustrative sentence]]

[[image schema]]

[[immediacy]]

[[immediate constituent]]

[[immediate imperative mood]]

[[immediate past tense]]

[[imperative mood]]

[[imperfective aspect]]

[[impermissible mixed metaphor]]

[[impersonal verb]]

[[implication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics) & (in [[pragmatics]])

[[implicational scale]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[implicational universal]]

[[implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[implicit performative]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[implosive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[imprecative mood]]

[[inalienable noun]]

[[inalienable possession]]

[[inanimate class]]

[[inchoative aspect]]

[[inclusive alternative relation]]

[[inclusive first person deixis]]

[[inconsistency]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[indefinite concessive relation]]

[[indefinite pronoun]]

[[indefiniteness]]

[[independent predication]] or main predication (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[indexical]]

[[indirect illocution]]

[[indirect object]]

[[indirect speech]]

[[indirect symmetry]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[individual-group lexical relation]]

[[inductive implication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[inessive case]]

[[inferable entity]]

[[inferior status]]

[[infield distinction]]

[[infinitive]]

[[infix]]

[[infixation]]

[[inflection]]

[[inflectional affix]]

[[inflectional category]]

[[informal language]]

[[information structure]]

[[informatively vacuous]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[informativeness principle]]

[[initiative time latency]]

[[insertion sequence]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[instrument as a semantic role]]

[[instrumental case]]

[[instrumental motivation]]

[[integrative motivation]]

[[intended perlocutionary effect]]

[[intensifier]]

[[interdental]]

[[interjection]]

[[interlanguage]]

[[interlanguage pragmatics]]

[[intermediate form]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[internal relation]]

[[internal relative clause]]

[[internalism]] (in [[semantics]])

[[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[interpersonal function]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[interpretation]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[interpretation relation]]

[[interpropositional relation]]

[[interrogative mood]]

[[interrogative pro-form]]

[[intimate social deixis]]

[[intonation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[intransitivity]]

[[intrusive "r"]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[inverseness]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[inversion system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[irony]]

[[irrealis modality]]

[[irregular verb]]

[[island]] [[transformational grammar]] according to Ross 1967

[[isogloss]]

[[isolating language]]

[[''it'' cleft]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[iterative aspect]]

== J ==

[[judgment modality]]

[[jussive mood]]

[[justification relation]]

== K ==

[[kinetic distinction]]

== L ==

[["l" velarisation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[labial]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[labial-velar]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[labialization]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[labio-dental]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[language associate]]

[[language family]]

[[lapse]]

[[larynx]]

[[lateral]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lateral release]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lative case]]

[[larynx]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lax] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[learnability]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[length]]

[[lenis consonant]]

[[lenition]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[level of representation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lexeme]]

[[lexical ambiguity]]

[[lexical category]]

[[lexical constituent]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[lexical database]]

[[lexical entry]]

[[lexical form]]

[[lexical item]]

[[lexical phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lexical presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[lexical relation]]

[[lexical relation elicitation frame]]

[[lexical relation set]]

[[lexical relation with a scale structure]]

[[lexical relation with a set of pairs structure]]

[[lexical relation with a simple set structure]]

[[lexical relation with a tree structure]]

[[lexical semantics]]

[[lexical rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lexical tone]]

[[lexical unit]]

[[lexical variety]]

[[lexical verb]]

[[lexicon]]

[[light syllable]]

[[linear phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[lingua franca]]

[[linguistic repertoire]]

[[link schema]]

[[linking "r"]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[linking verb]] or [[copular verb]]

[[liquid]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[literal meaning in a lexical database]]

[[literal translation]]

[[litotes]]

[[local managment system]]

[[locative as a semantic role]]

[[locative case]]

[[locution]]

[[locutionary act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[logical exclusion]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[logical implication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[logical inclusion]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[logical relation]]

[[logical synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[logographic writing]]

== M ==

[[main clause]]

[[major class feature]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[major entry in a lexical database]]

[[manifestness]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[manner as a semantic role]]

[[manner implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[manner of action]] or Aktionsart

[[manner of articulation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[manner of discourse]]

[[marker]]

[[marking clause]]

[[masculine gender]]

[[mass noun]]

[[matrix]]

[[matrix sentence]]

[[maxim]]

[[meaning]]

[[meaning and pragmatic function]]

[[meaningful]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[meaningless]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[means-purpose relation]]

[[means-result relation]]

[[measure as a semantic role]]

[[medial clause]]

[[medial cluster]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[mediopassive voice]]

[[meiosis]]

[[metalinguistic cluster]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[metaphor]]

[[metaphorical entailment]]

[[metathesis]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[metonymy]]

[[metrical phonology]]

[[middle voice]]

[[mid-saggital]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[minimal pair]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[minor entry in a lexical database]]

[["mirror image" notatinal convention]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[misplacement marker]]

[[mitigating device]]

[[mixed metaphor]]

[[mixed quantification]]

[[modality]]

[[mode]]

[[mode of achievement]]

[[moderate epistemic qualification]]

[[modification]]

[[modifier]]

[[monophthong]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[monotone decreasing quantified noun phrase]]

[[monotone increasing quantified noun phrase]]

[[mood and modality]]

[[Moore's paradox]] (in [[semantics]])

[[mora]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[morph]]

[[morpheme]]

[[morpheme type]]

[[morphological process]]

[[morphological typology]]

[[morphology]]

[[morphophonemic rule]]

[[morphophonemics]]

[[morphosyntactic operation]]

[[motivation relation]]

[[move]]

[[multiplicative numeral]]

== N ==

[[narrative discourse]]

[[narrative text]]

[[nasal release]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[nasalization]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[nasalized vowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[nativization]]

[[natural class]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[naturalness]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[near minimal pair]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[necessity]]

[[negation]]

[[negative conditional relation]]

[[negative face]]

[[negative formator]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[negative politeness]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[negative politeness strategy]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[negative purpose relation]]

[[negation raising]] (transformational rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[neuter gender]]

[[neutralization]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[new information]]

[[new metaphor]]

[[newsmark]]

[[next turn repair initiator]]

[[node]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[node relation]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[nominal]]

[[nominal clause]]

[[nominalization]]

[[nominative case]]

[[nonconventional implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[nonconversational implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[nondefective illocutionary act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[nonextendedness]]

[[non-factive presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[nonfinite clause]]

[[nonfinite verb]]

[[nonfuture tense]]

[[non-linear phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[nonpast tense]]

[[nonrecent past tense]]

[[nonremote past tense]]

[[nonrestrictive relative clause]]

[[nonspecificity]]

[[nonvisual evidential]]

[[notional]]

[[not-yet tense]]

[[noun]]

[[noun adjunct]]

[[noun class]]

[[noun phrase]]

[[nuclear syllable]]

[[nucleus]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[number]]

[[numeral]]

== O ==

[[object]]

[[object complement]]

[[obligative mood]]

[[oblique object]]

[[obliterative overlap]]

[[obstruent]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[obviative person deixis]]

[[offglide]]

[[offprint]]

[[off record]]

[[on record]]

[[oh-receipt]]

[[one-place predication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[onomatopoeia]]

[[onset]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[ontological metaphor]]

[[open approximation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[open class]]

[[open presupposed proposition]]

[[open syllable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[opposite lexical relation]]

[[optative mood]]

[[oral]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[oral tract]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[ordering system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[ordinal numeral]]

[[ordinary pronoun]] or [[personal pronoun]]

[[orientational metaphor]]

[[orthography]]

[[other-initiated repair]]

[[other-repair]]

[[out-of-field distinction]]

[[overall organization]]

[[overlap]]

[[oxymoron]]

== P ==

[[palatal]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[palato-alveolar]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[parable]]

[[paradigm]]

[[paradigmatic lexical relation]]

[[paradox]]

[[paralipsis]]

[[paraphrase]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[parataxis]]

[[parentheses]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[parenthesis relation]]

[[paronomasia]]

[[participant role]]

[[participle]]

[[particle]]

[[particularized implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[partitive case]]

[[partitive numeral]]

[[part-whole schema]]

[[passing turn]]

[[passive articulator]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[passive voice]]

[[past perfect tense]]

[[past tense]]

[[path]]

[[path schema]]

[[patient as a semantic role]]

[[pattern congruity]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[perfect]]

[[perfect of persistent situation]]

[[perfect of recent past]]

[[perfect of result]]

[[perfective aspect]]

[[performance]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]]) (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[performative]]

[[performative hypothesis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[performative verb]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[perlocutionary act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[perlocutionary failure]]

[[perlocutionary verb]]

[[permissible mixed metaphor]]

[[permissive mood]]

[[person deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[personal pronoun]]

[[personification]]

[[pesky little particle]]

[[pharyngeal]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phone]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phoneme]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonetically similar segment]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonetic form]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonetic similarity]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonetics]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological component]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological derivation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological hierarchy]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological symmetry]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological structure]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonological universal]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonology]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonotactics]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phonotactic constraints]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[phrasal constituent]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[phrasal verb]]

[[phrase]]

[[phrase-structure rule]]

[[pitch]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[pictogram]]

[[pidgin]]

[[pitch]]

[[place deixis]]

[[place of articulation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[plausibility]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[pleonasm]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[plosive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[plural formation]]

[[plural number]]

[[polar system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[polarity]]

[[politeness]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[polysemy]]

[[polysynthetic language]]

[[portmanteau morph]]

[[position]]

[[positive face]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[positive politeness]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[positive politeness strategy]]

[[possessive noun]]

[[possessive pronoun]]

[[possessor]]

[[possibility]]

[[post-hodiernal future tense]]

[[post-lexical rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[postposition]]

[[postpositional phrase]]

[[post-sequence]]

[[potential implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[potential presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[pragmatic accent]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[pragmatic connection]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[pragmatics]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[preannouncement]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[prearrangement]]

[[precategorial class]]

[[precative mood]]

[[preclosing]]

[[predicate]]

[[predicate adjective]]

[[predicate noun]]

[[predication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[predicator]]

[[predictable information]]

[[predictive future tense]]

[[preface]]

[[preference structure]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[preferred second part]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[prefix]]

[[prefixation]]

[[prehesternal past tense]]

[[prehodiernal past tense]]

[[preinvitation]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[premodal]]

[[prenasalization]]

[[preparatory condition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[preposition]]

[[prepositional phrase]]

[[prerequest]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[present tense]]

[[presequence]]

[[prespan-end relation]]

[[Presumption of Optimal Relevance]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[presupposition denial]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[presupposition suspension]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[presupposition trigger]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[preterit]]

[[previousness relation]]

[[primary performative]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[primary sense]]

[[principal predication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[Principle of Relevance]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics)

[[pro-adjective]]

[[pro-adverb]]

[[procedural discourse]]

[[procedural text]]

[[process]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[process naturalness]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[proclitic]]

[[productive affix]]

[[pro-form]]

[[progressive aspect]]

[[prohibitive mood]]

[[projection problem]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[prolative case]]

[[pronominal]]

[[pronoun]]

[[propagation medium]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[proper noun]]

[[proportional relation]]

[[proposition]]

[[propositional act]]

[[propositional content condition]]

[[prosody]]

[[prospective]]

[[prototype]]

[[pro-verb]]

[[proximal]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[proximal-distal dimension]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[proximate person deixis]]

[[pseudo-cleft sentence]]

[[psychological distance]]

[[pulmonic eggresive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[pun]]

[[pure indexical expresion]] (in [[semantics]])

== Q ==

[[quality implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[quantification]] (in [[semantics]])

[[quantificational adverb]] (in [[semantics]])

[[quantificational dynamic logic]] (in [[semantics]])

[[quantified intensional logic]] (in [[semantics]])

[[quantifier]]

[[quantifier raising]] (transformational rule) (in [[semantics]])

[[quantity implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[question]]

[[quotative evidential]]

== R ==

[[range as a semantic role]]

[[range of reference]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[rank]]

[[rank lexical relation]]

[[rank-shifted predication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[ratified participant]]

[[realis modality]]

[[reason-result relation]]

[[receiving time]]

[[recent past tense]]

[[recipient]]

[[reciprocal pronoun]]

[[reciprocal system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[reciprocal verb]] (in [[semantics]])

[[reciprocity]] (in [[semantics]])

[[recursion theory]]

[[recursive]]

[[reductionism]] (in [[semantics]])

[[redundancy]]

[[redundancy rule]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[reduplication]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[reference]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[reference clause]]

[[reference fixing]] (in [[semantics]])

[[reference grammar]]

[[referential index]] (in [[semantics]])

[[referential use]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[referent]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[referring expression]]

[[referent honorific]]

[[referential realm]]

[[referring expression]]

[[reflex]]

[[reflexive pronoun]]

[[reflexive verb]]

[[reformulation]]

[[register]]

[[regulative rule]] ([[semantics]])

[[rejection finalizer]]

[[relation]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[relational proposition]]

[[relational social deixis]]

[[relative adverb]]

[[relative clause]]

[[relative future tense]]

[[relative nonfuture tense]]

[[relative nonpast tense]]

[[relative past tense]]

[[relative present tense]]

[[relative pronoun]]

[[relative system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[relative tense]]

[[relativizer]]

[[relator]]

[[relevance implicature]]

[[relevance theory]] (in Sperber and Wilson 1987;1995's Relevance Theory) (Semantics) (in [[semantics]])

[[remote future tense]]

[[remote past tense]]

[[repair]]

[[repartee discourse]]

[[repertoire]]

[[representational sign]]

[[representative]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[restatement relation]]

[[restraint removal schema]]

[[restrictive relative clause]]

[[result]]

[[retroflex]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[reverential form]]

[[rhetorical question]]

[[rhotacized vowel]]

[[rhotic]] [[rhoticisation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[rhoticised vowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[rhyme]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[right node raising]] (transformational rule) (in [[semantics]])

[[right recursive]] (in [[semantics]])

[[right totality]] (in [[semantics]])

[[rime]]

[[root]]

[[rounding]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[rules of expresion]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[rule of synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[rule of transference]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[rule ordering]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

== S ==

[[saggital section]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[salient information]]

[[same subject marker]]

[[satisfaction]] (illocutionary act) (in [[semantics]])

[[scalar implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[scalar property lexical relation]]

[[scale schema]]

[[schema]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[schwa]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[script]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[second part]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[second person deixis]]

[[secondary articulation]]

[[secondary sense]]

[[segment]]

[[self-initiated repair]]

[[self-repair]]

[[semantic atomism]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic component]]

[[semantic feature]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[semantic grounding]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic holism]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic innocence]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic marker]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic redundancy]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic role]]

[[semantic theory]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semantic valency]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[semantics]]

[[semi lattice]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semifactive verb]] (in [[semantics]])

[[semivowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[sense]]

[[sense group]]

[[sense type]]

[[sensory evidential]]

[[sentence]]

[[sentence adverb]]

[[sentence elicitation frame]]

[[sentence fragment]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[sentential complementation]]

[[separable affix]]

[[sequence]]

[[sequential relation]]

[[serial verb construction]]

[[setting information]]

[[shortening]] (in [[semantics]])

[[sibilant]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[sign]]

[[sign language]]

[[silence]]

[[similar pair]]

[[similarity relation]]

[[simile]]

[[simple sentence]]

[[simulfix]]

[[simultaneous relation]]

[[sincerity condition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[singular number]]

[[singulative]]

[[situational elicitation frame]]

[[situationally evoked entity]]

[[slang]]

[[sluicing]] (transformational rule) (in [[semantics]])

[[social deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[social dialect]]

[[social meaning]]

[[solidarity]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[solutionhood relation]]

[[sonorant]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[sonority scale]]

[[source as a participant role]]

[[source as a semantic role]]

[[source domain]]

[[spatial deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[speaker]]

[[specialized figurative text]]

[[specification relation]]

[[specificity]]

[[spectrogram]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[spectrograph]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[speculative mood]]

[[speech act]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[speech event]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[spoonerism]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[spreading]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[standard implicature]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[standard variety]]

[[state of the glottis]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[statement]]

[[stative verb]]

[[status]]

[[stem]]

[[stem modification]]

[[still tense]]

[[stop]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[strength of illocutionary point]]

[[strength of sincerity conditions]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[stress]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[stricture]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[strong epistemic qualification]]

[[structural analysis]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[structural metaphor]]

[[structural presupposition]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[structure building rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[stylistics]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[subcategorization]]

[[subentry in a lexical database]]

[[subgroup]]

[[subject]]

[[subject complement]]

[[subject movement]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[subject raising]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[subject-aux inversion]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[subjunctive mood]]

[[subordinate clause]]

[[subordinating conjunction]]

[[subordination]]

[[subscript]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[substance metaphor]]

[[substantive]]

[[substantive rule of synonym]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[subtraction]]

[[success of fit]]

[[suffix]]

[[suffixation]]

[[summary relation]]

[[summons-answer sequence]]

[[superessive case]]

[[superior status]]

[[superscript]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[supplemental information in a definition]]

[[suppletion]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[suprafix]]

[[suprasegmental]]

[[surface form]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[surface structure]]

[[switch reference]]

[[switching pause]]

[[syllabic consonant]]

[[syllabic writing]]

[[syllabification]]

[[syllable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[syllable structure]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[syllable weight]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[syllepsis]]

[[symbolic usage]]

[[syncategorematic rule]] (in [[semantics]])

[[synchrony]]

[[synecdoche]]

[[synonym lexical relation]]

[[synonymous]]

[[syntactic category]]

[[syntacti constituenthood]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[syntactic function]]

[[syntactic movement]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[syntagmatic lexical relation]]

[[syntax]]

[[synthetic assertion]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

== T ==

[["t" to "r" rule]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[tag question]]

[[tag statement]]

[[tap]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[target]]

[[target domain]]

[[tautosyllabic]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[tautology]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[taxonomic system]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[temporal deixis]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[temporal relation]]

[[tense]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[terminal cluster]]

[[text]]

[[text genre]]

[[textual function]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[textually evoked entity]]

[[thematic role]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[theme]]

[[thesaurus category]]

[[third person deixis]]

[[third turn repair]]

[[tier]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[time as a semantic role]]

[[time deixis]]

[[timing slot]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[token-reflexive deixis]]

[[tone]]

[[topic]]

[[trachea]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[transcription]]

[[transformation]]

[[transition]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[transition Relevance Place]] TRP (in [[pragmatics]])

[[transitive verb]]

[[transitivity]]

[[translational equivalence]]

[[translative case]]

[[transverse]]

[[trial number]]

[[trill]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[trisyllabic shortening]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[trope]]

[[try-marker]]

[[turn]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[turn location]]

[[turn-taking]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[T/V distinction]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[twin-pan balance schema]]

[[two-place predication]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[typology]]

== U ==

[[ultimate constituent]]

[[unbound root]]

[[unbound stem]]

[[unbounded deixis]]

[[underlying form]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[underlying representation]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[underspecification]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[universal]]

[[universal quantifier]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[universal tendency]]

[[universally construed]] (in G. N. Leech's Semantics)

[[unproductive affix]]

[[unratified participant]]

[[unreleased]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[unused entity]]

[[upgrade]]

[[usage type]]

[[utterance]]

[[utterance act]]

[[uvular]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

== V ==

[[valency]]

[[variable]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[variety]]

[[velar]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[velar softening]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[velaric ingressive]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[velum]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[verb]] (Linguistics)

[[verb phrase]]

[[verb raising]] [[transformational grammar]]

[[verbal adjective]]

[[verbal noun]]

[[verbal particle]]

[[vertical deixis]]

[[verticality schema]]

[[visual evidential]]

[[vocal cord]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vocal tract]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vocative case]]

[[vocoid]]

[[voice]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[voice bar]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[voice onset time]] [[VOT]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[voiceless vowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[voicing]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[volitive modality]]

[[vowel]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel backness]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel doubling]]

[[vowel harmony]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel height]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel length]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel modification]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel reduction]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[vowel shift]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[VP deletion]] (in [[semantics]])

== W ==

[[wave]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[wave form]] (in [[phonology]] or [[phonetics]])

[[weak epistemic qualification]]

[[wh-movement]]

[[whole presupposed proposition]]

[[whole-part lexical relation]]

[[wh-question]]

[[word]]

== X ==

[[X' schema]] [[transformational grammar]]

== Y ==

[[yes-no question]]

== Z ==

[[zero]]

[[zero affix]]

[[zero anaphora]] (in [[pragmatics]])

[[zero morph]]

==Reference books==

[http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/Index.htm Glossary of linguistic terms] accessdate=2007-11-18 from [[SIL International]]

Bussmann, Hadumod [[Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics]] 1998 [[Routledge]] London isbn= 0-415-20319-8}}

Davenport, Mike; Hannahs, S.J. [[Introducing Phonetics and Phonology]] 1998 [[Oxford University Press]] London isbn= 0 340 66218 2

Finegan, Edward [[Language Its Structure and Use]] |year=1999 |publisher=Earl McPeek |location=Orlando, FL (US) isbn=0-15-507827-5

Leech |first=Geoffrey N [[Towards a Semantic Description of English]] 1969 Longmans' Linguistics Library London and Harlow 582 52401 6

Yule, George Pragmatics 2002 Oxford University Press Oxford (UK) isbn=0 19 437207 3

User:Javier Carro

2008-04-04T05:24:21Z

Javier Carro:

Hi, I am a graduated [http://www.uam.es/departamentos/filoyletras/filoinglesa/ English Philologist at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid]. My mother tongue is Spanish and I also can use, with grammar and word knowledge limitations, German language. I am interested on many fields of linguistics. At the moment, I invest my time on applied linguistics for 2LL and Critical Discourse Analysis applied to ecolinguistics. Specifically, in wiki-based language learning, I am working on [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Javier_Carro/Taller image use] and [http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/User:Javier_Carro/Playground vocabulary learning within the scope of the wikiversity-quiz].

Absolutive case

2008-03-29T20:06:07Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

In syntax, the '''absolutive case''' is the case of the single argument of an intransitive verb and the most patient-like argument of a transitive verb.

See [[monotransitive alignment]] for further details.

=== Polysemy ===

The term ''absolutive'' is also used for a [[converb]] in Indic linguistics.

=== Synonyms ===

* [[absolute case]]
* [[nominative case (citation form)]]

=== Origin ===

This term apparently originates in Eskimo linguistics, perhaps with Kleinschmidt (1851).

=== References ===

*Kleinschmidt, Samuel. 1851. ''Grammatik der grönländischen Sprache mit teilweisem Einschluß des Labradordialekts.'' Berlin.

=== Other languages ===
*German [[Absolutiv (Kasus)|Absolutiv]]
*Spanish [[absolutivo]]
*Swedish [[absolutiv (sv)|absolutiv]]
*Russian [[абсолютив]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:General]]
[[Category:Case]]

Ablative case

2008-03-29T20:05:06Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */ es

An '''ablative case''' is a [[case]] that expresses the [[orientation]]al meaning '(away) from'.

=== Examples ===

Huallaga Quechua ''mayu-pita'' '(away) from the river'

=== Comments ===

The term ''ablative'' has long been used primarily for Latin, where the 'away from' meaning is only one of many uses, and in fact other uses (such as the [[instrumental]] and [[manner]] uses) are more prominent in Latin. Still, when used in other languages, the term ''ablative'' generally implies the meaning 'away from'.

=== Subtypes ===

Other cases with the same orientational meaning 'away from', but with an additional locational meaning, are the [[delative]] 'off' (= 'away from the surface'), the [[elative]] 'out of' (= 'away from the inside'), the [[subelative]], and so on. These can be regarded as more specific subtypes of ''ablative''.

=== Origin ===

The term is formed from the Latin prefix ''ab-'' 'away from' plus the root ''lat-'' 'carry'. It is first attested in English in the 15th century, and the Latin form ''casus ablativus'' is said to have been coined by Julius Caesar (OED s.v.).

=== See also ===

[[ablative absolute]]

=== Other languages ===

*German [[Ablativ (de)|Ablativ]]
*Swedish [[ablativ (sv)|ablativ]]
*Russian [[аблатив]] = [[отложительный падеж]]
*Spanish [[ablativo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Case|Ablative]]

Ergative case

2008-03-29T19:56:44Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */ es

The '''ergative''' is the case of the A-argument in [[transitive]] clauses if the sole argument in [[intransitive]] clauses is assigned the same case as the P-Argument in transitive clauses.

===Synonyms===
Before the use of ''ergative'' in the mid 20th century, other terms were used:
* German: ''Nominativ des Handelns'' (Baskisch, Humboldt 1817:316, quoted in Vollmann n.d.)
* [[Nominativ agentis]] (Kâte, Pilhofer 1933:§122)
* [[Narrative]] (in early literature about [[Caucasian languages]])
* [[relative case]] (in Eskimo linguistics)

===Origin===
The term ''ergative'' first became widespread in the description of Caucasian languages, following Dirr (1928) (see Seely 1977). Dirr picked the term up from Trombetti (1903:173), and Trombetti in turn took it from Schmidt (1902). Schmidt seems to have taken it from Ray & Haddon (1893) (see Manaster-Ramer 1994 for discussion).

===References===
*Dirr. Adolf. 1928. ''Einführung in die kaukasischen Sprachen.''
* [[Humboldt, Wilhelm von]]. 1817. ''Berichtigungen und Zusätze zum ersten Abschnitte des zweyten Bandes des Mithridates über die cantabrische oder baskische Sprache.'' Berlin: Voss.
* [[Manaster-Ramer, Alexis]]. 1994. "The origin of the term “ergative”." ''Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung'' 47.3: 211-214.
* [[Pilhofer, Georg]]. 1933. Grammatik der Kâte-Sprache in Neuguinea. ''Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen'' 14 (Editor: Meinhof, Carl)
*Ray, Sidney H. & Haddon, Alfred C. 1893. A study of the languages of Torrres Straits with vocabularies and grammatical notes. Part II. ''Royal Irish Academy – Proceedings ser.'' 3, v. 4, 119-373.
*Schmidt, P.W. 1902. Doe sprachlichen Verhältnisse von Deutsch-Neuguinea. In: ''Zeitschrift für afrikanische, ozeanische und oastasiatische Sprachen'' 6:1-99.
*Seely, Jonathan. 1977. An ergative historiography. ''Historiographia Linguistica'' 4:191-206.
*Trombetti, Alfredo. 1903. Delle relazioni delle lingue caucasiche. Part II. In: ''Giornale della Società asiatica italiana'' 16:145-175.
* [[Vollmann, Ralf]]. n.d. [http://www-gewi.uni-graz.at/humboldt/txt/VR2000N.html Wilhelm von Humboldts Kasuskonzeption in seinen Arbeiten zum Baskischen.]

===Other languages===
*German [[Ergativ]]
*Swedish [[ergativ (sv)]]
*Spanish [[ergativo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Case]]

QR

2008-03-29T19:55:03Z

Javier Carro: New page: '''QR''' is the abbreviation of Quantifier raising. Category:En Category:Abbreviation

'''QR''' is the abbreviation of [[Quantifier raising]].

[[Category:En]]
[[Category:Abbreviation]]

CSS

2008-03-29T19:46:14Z

Javier Carro:

'''CSS''' is the abbreviation of [[Canonical Sentence Structure]].

[[Category:En]]
[[Category:abbreviation]]

CSS

2008-03-29T19:46:05Z

Javier Carro: New page: '''CSS''' is the abbreviation of Canonical Sentence Structure Category:En Category:abbreviation

'''CSS''' is the abbreviation of [[Canonical Sentence Structure]]

[[Category:En]]
[[Category:abbreviation]]

DTC

2008-03-29T19:38:29Z

Javier Carro: New page: '''DTC''' is the abbreviation of Derivational Theory of Complexity. Category:En Category:Abbreviation

'''DTC''' is the abbreviation of [[Derivational Theory of Complexity]].

[[Category:En]]

[[Category:Abbreviation]]

Affix

2008-03-29T19:33:34Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

An '''affix''' is a [[morph]] that always occurs attached to another morph, that is short and that has a fairly abstract meaning (especially compared to [[root]]s, the main type of non-affix morph). The element to which an affix attaches is called [[base]].

:::*''"In general, affixes are subsidiary to roots, while roots are the centers of such constructions as words. Roots are frequently longer than affixes, and generally much more numerous in the vocabulary."'' (Gleason 1955:59)
:::* ''“Obligatorily bound morphs which do not realise lexemes and which are attached to roots to produce word-forms are called '''affixes'''.”'' (Bauer 1988:11)

===Subtypes===
*[[prefix]]
*[[suffix]]
*[[infix]]
*[[circumfix]]
*[[adfix]]
*[[postfix]]
*[[antefix]]
*[[duplifix]]
*[[ambifix]]
*[[interfix]]
*[[simulfix]]
*[[confix]]
*[[introfix]]
*[[suprafix]]

===Origin===
Formed from [[Latin]] ''ad'' ‘to’ and ''fixus'' ‘fixed’. The term ''affix'' is attested in English since the 17th century. Before that, morphology was generally described in terms of [[paradigm]]s rather than in terms of constituent elements such as affixes and roots.

===See also===
[[Affixes]] (survey article)

===References===
*{{:Bauer 1988}}
*Bauer, Laurie. 2003. ''Introducing linguistic morphology'' (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-343-4
*{{:Gleason 1955}}

===Other languages===
*French [[affixe]]
*German [[Affix (de)]]
*Russian [[аффикс]]
*Spanish [[afijo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category: Morphology]]

Suffix

2008-03-29T19:32:49Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

A '''suffix''' is an [[affix]] which follows its [[base]].

===Comments===
:::*''“The term “affix”, which was used in §§24 and 28, is grammatical: it subsumes bound forms of certain kinds. But the apparently parallel terms “prefix”, "suffix”, “infix” are not grammatical; they refer, rather to positional classes of the morphs which represent bound forms.”'' (Hockett 1958:286)

=== Synonyms ===
*[[infix]] (in African linguistics)
* [[ending]] (used especially for inflectional suffxes)
* [[desinence]] (used especially for inflectional suffxes)

===Origin===
The OED's first attestation is from 1778. The term is derived from Latin ''suffīgere'' ‘attach’.

===Reference===
*Hockett, Charles. 1958. ''A course in modern linguistics.'' New York: Macmillan.

===Other languages===
*German [[Suffix (de)]]
*Russian [[суффикс]]
*Czech [[přípona]]
*Spanish [[sufijo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Morphology]]

Prefix

2008-03-29T19:32:20Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */ es

A '''prefix''' is an [[affix]] which precedes its [[base]].

:::''"Prefixes are affixes which precede the root with which they are most closely associated."'' (Gleason 1955:59)

===Origin===
The term ''prefix'' is attested in English since the 17th century.

===Reference===
{{:Gleason 1955}}

===Other languages===
*French [[préfixe]]
*German [[Präfix]]
*Russian [[приставка]]
*Czech [[předpona]]
*Spanish [[prefijo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Morphology]]

CDA

2008-03-29T19:29:57Z

Javier Carro: New page: '''CDA''' is the abbreviation for Critical discourse analysis. Category:En Category:Abbreviation

'''CDA''' is the abbreviation for [[Critical discourse analysis]].

[[Category:En]]
[[Category:Abbreviation]]

Accusative case

2008-03-29T18:07:49Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

An '''accusative''' case is a [[case]] that marks the [[direct object]], or more precisely the most patient-like argument of a [[transitive]] clause (the [[P-argument]]).

=== Examples ===

Latin ''Marcu-s rosa-m vidit'' [Marcus-NOM rose-ACC saw] ‘Marcus saw a rose’.

=== Synonyms ===
*[[objective case]]

=== Origin ===

Latin ''casus accusativus'' is a loan translation of Greek ''ptoosis aitiatikee''. It is generally regarded as an infelicitous translation, because Greek ''aitiatikee'' seems to have been intended as meaning ‘relating to causing’, not ‘related to accusing’ (the Greek word is polysemous).

=== See also ===
*[[accusative alignment]]
*[[differential object marking]]

=== Other languages ===

*German [[Akkusativ]]
*Swedish [[ackusativ]]
*Russian [[аккузатив]] = [[винительный падеж]]
*Spanish [[acusativo]]

{{dc}}
[[Category: Morphology]]
[[Category:Case]]

Noun

2008-03-29T18:06:40Z

Javier Carro: /* Origin */ es

The term '''noun''' is used in English (and in French ''nom'') to denote a member of the word class whose members are most typical expressions for things.

=== Polysemy ===

''Noun'' may also refer to
* a superclass consisting of nouns and adjectives; see [[noun (Latin nomen)]]

=== Synonyms ===

* [[substantive (continental)]]

=== Origin ===

This meaning results form ellipsis of the fuller form ''substantive noun'' (= Latin ''nomen substantivum''). In other European Languages, the ellipted part was ''nomen'', so English ''noun'' corresponds to German ''Substantiv'', Russian ''suščestvitel'noe'', etc.

=== Other languages ===
*Spanish [[nombre]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Part of speech]]
[[Category:Nominal morphology|!]]

Ellipsis

2008-03-29T18:05:56Z

Javier Carro: /* other languages */

In syntax, the term '''ellipsis''' is used for cases of rule-governed omission of constituents that are notionally and syntactically required in other contexts. Most typically, ellipsis occurs in contexts where the notional content of the [[to ellipt|ellipted]] constituents is recoverable from the immediately preceding context.

===Examples===
(in the following examples, the ellipsis site is shown by "[...]")
* English
* ''Pat plays soccer, but Dany doesn't [...].''

===Comments===
The tern ''ellipsis'' is rarely used with a strictly defined meaning. Linguists have often attempted to distinguish various different types of non-expression of otherwise syntactically required constituents, using notions such as [[deletion]], [[null instantiation]] and [[zero anaphora]]. There is no agreement about how these terms should be used and which distinctions need to be drawn.

===Subtypes===
* [[gapping]]
* [[coordination reduction]]
* [[right-node raising]]
* ''analipsis''
* ''catalipsis''

===Origin===
From Latin ''ellipsis'', which in turn is from Greek ''elleipsis'' 'a falling short, defect, ellipse', from ''elleipein'' 'to fall short, leave out', from ''en-'' 'in' + ''leipein'' 'to leave'. The grammatical sense is first attested in 1612.

===other languages===
*German [[Ellipse]]
*Russian [[эллипсис]]
*Spanish [[elipsis]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

Voice (in grammar)

2008-03-29T18:04:26Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

'''(Grammatical) voice''' is an inflectional [[dimension]] of verbs which signals different ways of distributing the [[semantic role]]s over [[grammatical relation]]s. The prototypical categories are [[active voice]] and [[passive voice]], but a few others have been added more recently.

===Synonyms===
*[[diathesis]]
*[[verbal gender]]
*[[valence-changing]]
*[[version]]

===Categories===
*[[active voice]]
*[[passive voice]]
*[[inverse voice]]
*[[antipassive voice]]
*[[reflexive voice]]
*[[reciprocal voice]]
*''causative voice'' (see [[morphological causative]])

===References===
*Fox, Barbara & Hopper, Paul (eds.) 1994. ''Voice: Form and function.'' Amsterdam: Benjamins.
*Klaiman, M.H. 1991. ''Grammatical voice.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

===Other languages===
*French [[voix]]
*German [[Genus verbi]]
*Spanish [[voz (gramática)]]
{{dc}}
[[Category:Voice]]

Aspect

2008-03-29T18:01:56Z

Javier Carro: es

{{Stub}}

'''Aspect''' is an inflectional [[category-system]] of verbs that has to do with the internal temporal constituency of an event.

===Categories===
* [[perfective]] aspect
* [[imperfective]] aspect
* [[habitual]] aspect
* [[progressive]] aspect
* [[continuous]] aspect

===Other languages===
*German [[Aspekt]]
*Spanish [[aspecto]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Semantics]]
[[Category:Aspect|!]]
[[Category:Verbal morphology]]

Syntactic function

2008-03-29T18:00:53Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */

The term '''syntactic function''' is sometimes used in the sense of [[grammatical relation]].

=== Comments ===
This is the term used in [[Functional Grammar]] (Dik 1989) and also in Quirk et al. (1985:723-738)

=== Synonyms ===
*[[grammatical function]]
*[[grammatical relation]]

===Other languages===
*German [[syntaktische Funktion]]
*Spanish [[función sintáctica]]

=== References ===
*Dik, Simon. 1989. ''The Theory of Functional Grammar.'' Dordrecht: Floris
*Quirk, Randolph & Sidney Greenbaum & Geoffrey Leech & Jan Svartvik. 1985. ''A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.'' London: Longman.

{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

Case

2008-03-29T18:00:11Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */ es

In [[morphosyntax]], '''case''' is a [[grammatical category system]] marked on [[noun phrase]]s to indicate the syntactic-semantic relationship between the noun phrases and other elements in the clause. Case categories are marked by [[affix]]es or occasionally by other morphological means (such as [[stem change]]s), mostly on the [[head]] noun of the noun phrase.

::*''“Case: an inflectional [[dimension]] of nouns that serves to code the noun phrase's semantic role.”'' (Haspelmath 2002:267)

=== Examples ===

Frequently encountered cases are the [[genitive case]] for the adnominal possessor (e.g. English ''the girl’'''s''' book''), the [[accusative case]] for the direct object (e.g. Latin ''video Ciceron-em'' [I.see Cicero-ACC]), and the [[dative case]] for the recipient (e.g. Japanese ''watashi-wa Taro-ni hon-o age-ta'' [I-TOP Taro-DAT book-ACC give-PAST] ‘I gave Taro a book.’).

===Comments===

::*''“There is among many scholars a strong feeling that the term [''case''] should be used only where clear case morphemes are discoverable in the inflection of nouns.”'' (Fillmore 1968:19)

=== Subtypes ===
*[[grammatical cases]] vs. [[concrete cases]]
*[[spatial cases]]
*[[structural cases]] vs. [[inherent cases]] vs. [[lexical cases]]
*[[direct case]] vs. [[oblique case]]s

===Subcategories===
*[[nominative case]]
*[[accusative case]]
*[[ergative case]]
*[[absolutive case]]
*[[genitive case]]
*[[dative case]]
*[[instrumental case]]
*[[comitative case]]
*[[locative case]]
*[[allative case]]
*[[ablative case]]

=== Polysemy ===

The term ''case'' is also used
* for semantic roles -- see [[deep case]]
* for an abstract and often invisible/inaudible feature licensing the occurrence of noun phrases -- see [[abstract case]]
* as a general term for cases and adpositions --- see [[flag]]

=== Origin ===

The term ''case'' goes back to the earliest Western grammatical works (Dionysius Thrax, perhaps Aristotle). In Latin, the term ''casus'' (literally 'falling') is found in Varro (?), evidently as a loan translation from Greek ''ptóòsis'' ‘falling’. According to Blake (2001:18), the metaphor "seems to have been of falling away from an assumed standard form". Fillmore (1968:6) translates it as ‘deviation’.

=== References ===
*[[Barry J. Blake|Blake, Barry J.]]. 2001. ''Case.'' 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Butt, Miriam. 2006. ''Theories of case.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521-79731-4
*[[Charles J. Fillmore|Fillmore, Charles J]]. 1968. The case for case. In: Bach, Emmon & Harms, Robert T. (eds.) ''Universals in linguistic theory.'' New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1-88.
*{{:Haspelmath 2002}}

=== Other languages ===
*Czech [[pád]]
*German [[Kasus]]
*Russian [[падеж]]
*Spanish [[caso]]

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[[Category:Syntax]]
[[Category:Case|!]]

Apposition

2008-03-29T17:58:18Z

Javier Carro: /* Other languages */ es

The term '''apposition''' is used to denote an [[adnominal]] [[modifier]] that is itself a [[noun]] (or [[NP]]) and is [[coreferential]] with the [[head]] noun.

=== Examples ===

English ''queen Tamara, my daughter Semiramis''

::*''“The paradigm case of apposition is exemplified in ''I met your brother, the poet'', where a noun phrase ''the poet'' is apposed to a preceding noun phrase ''your brother'', which in turn is the object of ''met''. The relationship is realised by the sequence alone, with no construction marker.”'' (Matthews 1981:224-225)

=== Comments ===
The term can refer both to the modifier itself (“in the expression ''queen Tamara'', ''queen'' is an apposition”) and to the relation between the head and the modifier (“''queen'' stands in an apposition relation to ''Tamara''”).

=== Subtypes ===
*[[close apposition]]
*[[loose apposition]]

=== Polysemy ===

''Apposition'' can also refer to
* ‘non-restrictive modification’, especially in [[appositive relative clause]]
* ‘expansion of a pronominal index’; see [[appositive noun phrase]]

=== Origin ===
According to the OED, the term is attested in English since the 17th century.

=== Reference ===
*Matthews, P.H. 1981. ''Syntax.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

===Other languages===
*German [[Apposition (de)]]
*Russian [[приложение]]
*Spanish [[aposición]]

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[[Category:Syntax]]

User:Javier Carro

2008-01-01T13:59:05Z

Javier Carro: New page: Hi, I am a graduated English Philologist. My mother tongue is Spanish and I also can use, with grammar and word knowledge limitations, German language.

Hi, I am a graduated English Philologist. My mother tongue is Spanish and I also can use, with grammar and word knowledge limitations, German language.