Glottopedia - User contributions [en]

Strict Cyclicity

2012-05-25T11:09:10Z

Szigetva: typo: Kentowics → Kenstowicz

'''Strict Cyclicity''' is a rule that may apply to a string x just in case either of the following holds:

a. The rule makes crucial reference to information in the
representation that spans the boundary between the
current cycle and the preceding one.
b. The rule applies solely within the domain of the
previous cycle but crucially refers to information
supplied by a rule operating on the current cycle.
(formulation of Kenstowicz (1994))

From this condition on the application of cyclic rules important theoretical consequences have been drawn. It follows form this condition that cyclic rules cannot operate on underived lexical items.

=== Example ===

in English the rule Trisyllabic shortening shortens the underlying vowel of ''sane'' [e] to [Ã¦] in the derived word ''san-ity''. This rule does not apply in the underived item ''nightingale''.

=== Links ===

[http://wwwsubst:2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Strict+Cyclicity&lemmacode=267 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

=== References ===

* Halle, M. 1978. ''Formal versus Functional Considerations in Phonology,'' Bloomington, Indiana University Linguistics Club.
* Kiparsky, P. 1985. ''Some Consequences of Lexical Phonology,'' in: Hulst, H. van der and N. Smith (eds.) The Structure of Phonological Representations, vol 1, Foris, Dordrecht, pp. 131-175
* Mascará, J. 1976. ''Catalan Phonology and the Phonological Cycle,'' PhD dissertation MIT, Cambridge, Mass. Distr. by IULC, Bloomington Indiana,1978.

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[[Category:Phonology]]

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Feature cooccurrence restrictions

2009-03-05T09:12:14Z

Szigetva: extended the phonological part

[[Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar]] (GPSG) uses '''Feature cooccurrence restrictions''' (FCRs) to formulate well-formedness conditions for feature structures. As GPSG takes feature structures to be arbitrary sets of feature specifications, it is necessary to block the combination of feature specifications which from a linguistic point of view make no sense. Most FCRs are formulated as implications.

Many theories of phonological features also apply FCRs: pairs of features, or pairs of features together with their values, that cannot cooccur within a segment.

===Examples===
Only verbal catgories can contain the feature ''vform'': [VFORM] <math>\rightarrow</math> [+V, -N]

Phrasal catgories cannot contain the feature ''subcat'': [BAR 2] <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>\neg</math> [SUBCAT]

The vocalic fatures [+high] and [+low] cannot cooccur: [+high] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-low] && [+low] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-high]

===Comments===
Modern unification-based grammar formalisms like [[Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar]] use [[typed feature structures]] instead.

===Other Languages===
* German [[Feature cooccurrence restrictions (de)]]
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[[Category:Syntax]]

Feature cooccurrence restrictions

2009-03-05T08:52:36Z

Szigetva: /* Example */ pluralized section title

[[Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar]] (GPSG) uses '''Feature cooccurrence restrictions''' (FCRs) to formulate well-formedness conditions for feature structures. As GPSG takes feature structures to be arbitrary sets of feature specifications, it is necessary to block the combination of feature specifications which from a linguistic point of view make no sense. Most FCRs are formulated as implications.

Many theories of phonological features also apply FCRs.

===Examples===
Only verbal catgories can contain the feature ''vform'': [VFORM] <math>\rightarrow</math> [+V, -N]

Phrasal catgories cannot contain the feature ''subcat'': [BAR 2] <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>\neg</math> [SUBCAT]

The vocalic fatures [+high] and [+low] cannot cooccur: [+high] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-low] && [+low] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-high]

===Comments===
Modern unification-based grammar formalisms like [[Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar]] use [[typed feature structures]] instead.

===Other Languages===
* German [[Feature cooccurrence restrictions (de)]]
{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

Feature cooccurrence restrictions

2009-03-05T08:52:07Z

Szigetva: added phonological use of FCRs

[[Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar]] (GPSG) uses '''Feature cooccurrence restrictions''' (FCRs) to formulate well-formedness conditions for feature structures. As GPSG takes feature structures to be arbitrary sets of feature specifications, it is necessary to block the combination of feature specifications which from a linguistic point of view make no sense. Most FCRs are formulated as implications.

Many theories of phonological features also apply FCRs.

===Example===
Only verbal catgories can contain the feature ''vform'': [VFORM] <math>\rightarrow</math> [+V, -N]

Phrasal catgories cannot contain the feature ''subcat'': [BAR 2] <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>\neg</math> [SUBCAT]

The vocalic fatures [+high] and [+low] cannot cooccur: [+high] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-low] && [+low] <math>\rightarrow</math> [-high]

===Comments===
Modern unification-based grammar formalisms like [[Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar]] use [[typed feature structures]] instead.

===Other Languages===
* German [[Feature cooccurrence restrictions (de)]]
{{dc}}
[[Category:Syntax]]

Palatal

2008-08-25T12:53:51Z

Szigetva: added comment on use of palatal for vowels

A '''palatal''' [[segment]] is a segment that is articulated with the front part of the tongue against the hard palate.

===Examples===
Examples of palatals are the sound [ɳ] (written ''ñ'') in Spanish ''niño'' 'child', and the sound [c] (written ''ty'') in Hungarian ''atya'' 'father'.

===Origin===
Derived from ''palate'' (borrowed into English from Latin ''palatum''), and attested since the 17th century.

===Comments===
"Palatal" is a term also used for [[vowel]]s: front vowels are palatal, as opposed to back vowels, which are [[velar]].

===Other languages===
*German [[Palatal (de)]]

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[[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]

Velar

2008-08-25T12:52:05Z

Szigetva: /*Comments*/ fixed link to vowel

A '''velar''' is a sound or a [[place of articulation]] where the [[passive articulator]] is the [[velum]] (soft palate).

===Examples===
[k], [ɡ], [ŋ], [x]

===Polysemy===
"Velar" is also an adjective describing anything involving the velum. For describing things involving the velum in its role of controlling the opening to the nasal cavity, the adjective "[[velic]]" is often used instead.

===Comments===
"Velar" is a term also used for [[vowel]]s: back vowels are velar, as opposed to front vowels, which are [[palatal]].

===Other languages===
German [[Velar (de)]]

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[[Category:Phonetics]]

Velar

2008-08-25T12:51:27Z

Szigetva: added comment on use of velar for vowels

A '''velar''' is a sound or a [[place of articulation]] where the [[passive articulator]] is the [[velum]] (soft palate).

===Examples===
[k], [ɡ], [ŋ], [x]

===Polysemy===
"Velar" is also an adjective describing anything involving the velum. For describing things involving the velum in its role of controlling the opening to the nasal cavity, the adjective "[[velic]]" is often used instead.

===Comments===
"Velar" is a term also used for [[vowels]]: back vowels are velar, as opposed to front vowels, which are [[palatal]].

===Other languages===
German [[Velar (de)]]

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[[Category:Phonetics]]

Labiodental

2008-03-08T14:43:53Z

Szigetva: added examples

In [[phonetics]], '''labiodental''' is a [[place of articulation]] that is characterized by the [[active articulator]] lower lips and the [[passive articulator]] upper teeth.

===Examples===

Fricatives: [f], [v], nasal: [ɱ], approximant: [ʋ].

===Other languages===
German [[labiodental (de)]]

[[Category:Phonetics]]

Sonority hierarchy

2008-03-08T14:40:36Z

Szigetva:

The sonority hierarchy is a ranklist of speech sounds. Speech sounds are typically ranked according to their [[manner of articulation]]. Accordingly, in all sonority hierarchies, vowels are at the top of the hierarchy, consonants at the bottom. Most hierarchies are more finely graded, e.g., vowels > sonorant consonants > obstruents (Zec 1995), or vowels > glides > liquids > nasals > obstruents (Clements 1990), or vowels > liquids > nasals > voiced fricatives > voiceless fricatives = voiced plosives > voiceless plosives (Anderson & Ewen 1987). Some hierarchies assign each individual sound to a rank of its own, thus ranking sounds also according to their [[place of articulation]] (Ladefoged 1993).

===References===

*Anderson, John M. and Colin J. Ewen (1987) Principles of Dependency Phonology, Cambridge: CUP.
*Clements, George N. (1990) The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and Physics of Speech, John Kingston, and Mary E. Beckman (eds.), 283--333. CUP.
*Ladefoged, Peter (1993) A Course in Phonetics (3rd ed.), New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
*Zec, Draga (1995) Sonority constraints on syllable structure, Phonology 12: 85--129.

Sonority hierarchy

2008-03-08T14:39:09Z

Szigetva: New page: The sonority hierarchy is a ranklist of speech sounds. Speech sounds are typically ranked according to their manner of articulation. Accordingly, in all sonority hierarchies, vowels ...

The sonority hierarchy is a ranklist of speech sounds. Speech sounds are typically ranked according to their [[manner of articulation]]. Accordingly, in all sonority hierarchies, vowels are at the top of the hierarchy, consonants at the bottom. Most hierarchies are more finely graded, e.g., vowels > sonorant consonants > obstruents (Zec 1995), or vowels > liquids > nasals > obstruents (Clements 1990), or vowels > liquids > nasals > voiced fricatives > voiceless fricatives = voiced plosives > voiceless plosives (Anderson & Ewen 1987). Some hierarchies assign each individual sound to a rank of its own, thus ranking sounds also according to their [[place of articulation]] (Ladefoged 1993).

===References===

*Anderson, John M. and Colin J. Ewen (1987) Principles of Dependency Phonology, Cambridge: CUP.
*Clements, George N. (1990) The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and Physics of Speech, John Kingston, and Mary E. Beckman (eds.), 283--333. CUP.
*Ladefoged, Peter (1993) A Course in Phonetics (3rd ed.), New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
*Zec, Draga (1995) Sonority constraints on syllable structure, Phonology 12: 85--129.

Maximal Onset Principle

2008-03-08T14:21:48Z

Szigetva: /* References */ changed Margaret Kahn (?) to Daniel, added title

In phonology, the '''Maximal Onset Principle''' is a principle determining underlying [[syllable division]]. It states that intervocalic consonants are maximally assigned to the onsets of syllables in conformity with universal and language-specific conditions (see also [[sonority hierarchy]]).

===Example===
The English word ''diploma'' can be divided in several ways: dip.lo.ma vs. di.plo.ma. However, the only division that is in conformity with the maximal onset principle is di.plo.ma.

===Link===
[http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

===References===
*Kahn, Daniel (1976) Syllable-based generalizations in English phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT.
*Selkirk, E.O. (1981)

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[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Stop

2008-03-08T14:15:49Z

Szigetva: added comment on phonetic terminology

{{stub}}

A '''stop''' is a [[manner of articulation]], a [[consonant]] where air is held back when uttering it.

===Comments===

In a more precise phonetic terminology, stops also include noncontinuant nasals, like [m], [n], [ɲ], or [ŋ]. The phonologist's stop is the phoneticians '''plosive''' or '''explosive'''.

===Examples found in English===
[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], and, nonphonemically, [ʔ]

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[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Stop

2008-03-08T14:12:06Z

Szigetva: examples were all messed up

{{stub}}

A '''stop''' is a [[manner of articulation]], a [[consonant]] where air is held back when uttering it.

===Examples found in English===
[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], and, nonphonemically, [ʔ]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Coda

2007-10-27T10:59:06Z

Szigetva: deleted explanation of nucleus

'''Coda''' is the name of a syllabic constituent, which contains the consonant(s) following the [[nucleus]]. Unlike the other two syllabic constituents, the [[onset]] and the [[nucleus]], the coda is not universal: some languages (Hua, Cayuvava, Hawaiian (Blevins 1995, Piggott 1999)) do not have a coda at all, that is, all syllables are [[open syllable|open]], others (Yapese (Piggott 1999)) only have it word finally, yet others (Italian) only word medially, but not word finally.

The nucleus and the coda together make up the [[rhyme]].

===References===
*Blevins, Juliette (1995) The syllable in phonological theory, in: John A. Goldsmith (ed.) ''The Handbook of Phonological Theory'', Cambridge, Mass. & Oxford: Blackwell. 206–244.
*Piggott, Glyne L. (1999) At the right edge of words, ''The Linguistic Review'' 16: 143–185.

Coda

2007-10-27T10:58:03Z

Szigetva: New page: '''Coda''' is the name of a syllabic constituent, which contains the consonant(s) following the nucleus, the vocalic part of the syllable. Unlike the other two syllabic constituents, ...

'''Coda''' is the name of a syllabic constituent, which contains the consonant(s) following the [[nucleus]], the vocalic part of the syllable. Unlike the other two syllabic constituents, the [[onset]] and the [[nucleus]], the coda is not universal: some languages (Hua, Cayuvava, Hawaiian (Blevins 1995, Piggott 1999)) do not have a coda at all, that is, all syllables are [[open syllable|open]], others (Yapese (Piggott 1999)) only have it word finally, yet others (Italian) only word medially, but not word finally.

The nucleus and the coda together make up the [[rhyme]].

===References===
*Blevins, Juliette (1995) The syllable in phonological theory, in: John A. Goldsmith (ed.) ''The Handbook of Phonological Theory'', Cambridge, Mass. & Oxford: Blackwell. 206–244.
*Piggott, Glyne L. (1999) At the right edge of words, ''The Linguistic Review'' 16: 143–185.

Compensatory lengthening

2007-10-27T07:55:23Z

Szigetva: New page: '''Compensatory lengthening''' is a common phonological process whereby the loss of some phonetic material is compensated for by the lengthening of some neighbouring phonetic material. [[...

'''Compensatory lengthening''' is a common phonological process whereby the loss of some phonetic material is compensated for by the lengthening of some neighbouring phonetic material.

[[Greek]] provides a clear-cut example for the process: Proto-Greek ''esmi'' `I am' changes into Attic ''eimi'' [eːmi] and Lesbian ''emmi''. That is, the loss of the ''s'' is made up for by lengthening the preceding vowel in Attic and the following consonant in Lesbian.

A less obvious case of compensatory lengthening is exemplified by Old [[Hungarian]] ''utu'' to Modern Hungarian ''út'' [uːt] (i.e. [uut]) `road', where the loss of the final vowel causes the lengthening of the preceding vowel. (This process could also be classified as [[metathesis]].)

The frequent occurrence of compensatory lengthening across languages is a strong argument for the separation of the melodic and the temporal aspects of speech, that is, for the [[autosegmental]] model of phonological representations.

Light syllable

2007-10-24T22:23:03Z

Szigetva: typo

A '''light syllable''' is a [[syllable]] whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is one [[mora]]. Thus it is an [[open syllable]] which contains a short vowel. The English word ''city'' [sɪti] consists of two light syllables: [sɪ] and [ti]. A syllable longer than a light syllable is called a [[heavy syllable]] (sometimes also a [[superheavy syllable]]).

In some languages, closed syllables with a short vowel are also light. In others, syllables closed by a sonorant are heavy, those closed by an obstruent are light. (For details see the entry on [[heavy syllable]]s.)

===Other languages===
German [[leichte Silbe]]

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[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Light syllable

2007-10-24T22:22:42Z

Szigetva: added paragraph on variation

A '''light syllable''' is a [[syllable]] whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is one [[mora]]. Thus it is an [[open syllable]] which contains a short vowel. The English word ''city'' [sɪti] consists of two light syllables: [sɪ] and [ti]. A syllable longer than a light syllable is called a [[heavy syllable]] (sometimes also a [[superheavy syllable]]).

In some languages, closed syllables with a short vowel are also light. In others, syllables closed by a sonorant are heavy, those closed by an obstruent are light. (For details see the entry on [[heavy syllables]].)

===Other languages===
German [[leichte Silbe]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Heavy syllable

2007-10-24T22:20:44Z

Szigetva: added paragraph on only-long-vowel-heavy and only-sonorant-coda-heavy langs and refs

A '''heavy syllable''' is a [[syllable]] whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is more than one [[mora]]. A heavy syllable contains either a long vowel or a [[coda]] consonant. (The latter case is called a [[closed syllable]].) The English words ''eye'' [aɪ] and ''cat'' [kat] exemplify the two types of heavy syllable. A syllable shorter than a heavy syllable is called a [[light syllable]].

Sometimes a syllable which is longer than two moras is called a [[superheavy syllable]]. Such a syllable contains either a long vowel ''and'' a coda consonant, or a short vowel and two coda consonants.

In some languages (e.g., in English), word-final consonants do not contribute to syllable weight. The last syllable of the verb ''develop'' behaves as if light (although it is a closed syllable). This phenomenon is standardly explained by claiming that the word-final consonant is [[extrametricality|extrametrical]].

In some languages (e.g., in Ancient Greek, Khalkha Mongolian), only syllables with a long vowel are heavy, closed syllables with a short vowel are not. There even are a few languages (Lithuanian and Kwakwala), where syllables with a long vowel are heavy, but of closed syllables only those with a sonorant consonant in coda position count as heavy, those with an obstruent coda are light.

===References===

* Boas, Franz (1947) ''Kwakiutl grammar with a glossary of the suffixes,'' Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series, Vol. 37, Part 3.
* Zec, Draga (1995) Sonority constraints on syllable structure, ''Phonology'' 12:85–129.

===Other languages===
German [[schwere Silbe]]

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[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Open syllable

2007-10-23T08:04:49Z

Szigetva: added "may" before "contains an onset"

An '''open syllable''' is a syllable which lacks a [[coda]], that is, which is not closed by a consonant. A syllable which is not open is a [[closed syllable]]. An open syllable may contain an [[onset]] ((an) initial consonant(s)) and it contains a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words ''eye'' [aɪ], ''go'' [goʊ], and ''schwa'' [ʃwɑː] exemplify open syllables.

===Other languages===
German [[offene Silbe]]

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[[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]

Peak

2007-10-22T16:09:01Z

Szigetva: Redirecting to Nucleus

#REDIRECT [[Nucleus]]

Nucleus

2007-10-22T16:05:26Z

Szigetva: New page: Nucleus is the name of the vocalic part of the syllable.

[[Nucleus]] is the name of the vocalic part of the syllable.

Closed syllable

2007-10-22T13:43:14Z

Szigetva: typo

A ''closed syllable'' is a syllable which is closed by (a) consonant(s). A syllable which is not closed is an [[open syllable]]. The [[rhyme]] of a closed syllable branches: besides the [[nucleus]] (or peak), it also contains a [[coda]]. The English words ''cat'' [kat], ''mice'' [maɪs], and ''tent'' [tent] exemplify closed syllables.

Closed syllable

2007-10-22T13:42:57Z

Szigetva: New page: A '''closed syllable'' is a syllable which is closed by (a) consonant(s). A syllable which is not closed is an open syllable. The rhyme of a closed syllable branches: besides the...

A '''closed syllable'' is a syllable which is closed by (a) consonant(s). A syllable which is not closed is an [[open syllable]]. The [[rhyme]] of a closed syllable branches: besides the [[nucleus]] (or peak), it also contains a [[coda]]. The English words ''cat'' [kat], ''mice'' [maɪs], and ''tent'' [tent] exemplify closed syllables.

Open syllable

2007-10-22T13:37:12Z

Szigetva: typo

An '''open syllable''' is a syllable which lacks a [[coda]], that is, which is not closed by a consonant. A syllable which is not open is a [[closed syllable]]. An open syllable contains an [[onset]] ((an) initial consonant(s)) and a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words ''she'' [ʃiː], ''go'' [goʊ], and ''schwa'' [ʃwɑː] exemplify open syllables.

Open syllable

2007-10-22T13:34:38Z

Szigetva: added link to closed syllable

An '''open syllable''' is a syllable which lack a [[coda]], that is, which is not closed by a consonant. A syllable which is not open is a [[closed syllable]]. An open syllable contains an [[onset]] ((an) initial consonant(s)) and a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words ''she'' [ʃiː], ''go'' [goʊ], and ''schwa'' [ʃwɑː] exemplify open syllables.

Open syllable

2007-10-22T13:33:51Z

Szigetva: New page: An '''open syllable''' is a syllable which lack a coda, that is, which is not closed by a consonant. An open syllable contains an onset ((an) initial consonant(s)) and a short or ...

An '''open syllable''' is a syllable which lack a [[coda]], that is, which is not closed by a consonant. An open syllable contains an [[onset]] ((an) initial consonant(s)) and a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words ''she'' [ʃiː], ''go'' [goʊ], and ''schwa'' [ʃwɑː] exemplify open syllables.

Light syllable

2007-10-22T13:26:38Z

Szigetva: New page: A '''light syllable''' is a syllable, whose weight is one mora. Thus it is an open syllable which contains a short vowel. The English word ''city'' [sɪti...

A '''light syllable''' is a [[syllable]], whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is one [[mora]]. Thus it is an [[open syllable]] which contains a short vowel. The English word ''city'' [sɪti] consists of two light syllables: [sɪ] and [ti]. A syllable longer than a light syllable is called a [[heavy syllable]] (sometimes also a [[superheavy syllable]]).

Heavy syllable

2007-10-22T13:22:10Z

Szigetva: included link to syllable weight

A '''heavy syllable''' is a [[syllable]], whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is more than one [[mora]]. A heavy syllable contains either a long vowel or a [[coda]] consonant. (The latter case is called a [[closed syllable]].) The English words ''eye'' [aɪ] and ''cat'' [kat] exemplify the two types of heavy syllable. A syllable shorter than a heavy syllable is called a [[light syllable]].

Sometimes a syllable which is longer than two moras is called a [[superheavy syllable]]. Such a syllable contains either a long vowel ''and'' a coda consonant, or a short vowel and two coda consonants.

In some languages (e.g., in English), word-final consonants do not contribute to syllable weight. The last syllable of the verb ''develop'' behaves as if light (although it is a closed syllable). This phenomenon is standardly explained by claiming that the word-final consonant is [[extrametricality|extrametrical]].

Heavy syllable

2007-10-22T13:05:19Z

Szigetva: New page: A '''heavy syllable''' is a syllable that is more than one mora long. A heavy syllable contains either a long vowel or a coda consonant. (The latter case is called a [[closed...

A '''heavy syllable''' is a [[syllable]] that is more than one [[mora]] long. A heavy syllable contains either a long vowel or a [[coda]] consonant. (The latter case is called a [[closed syllable]].) The English words ''eye'' [aɪ] and ''cat'' [kat] exemplify the two types of heavy syllable. A syllable shorter than a heavy syllable is called a [[light syllable]].

Sometimes a syllable which is longer than two moras is called a [[superheavy syllable]]. Such a syllable contains either a long vowel ''and'' a coda consonant, or a short vowel and two coda consonants.

In some languages (e.g., in English), word-final consonants do not contribute to syllable weight. The last syllable of the verb ''develop'' behaves as if light (although it is a closed syllable). This phenomenon is standardly explained by claiming that the word-final consonant is [[extrametricality|extrametrical]].

User:Szigetva

2007-10-22T11:51:20Z

Szigetva:

'''Péter Szigetvári'''

Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest

[http://seas3.elte.hu/szigetva Homepage]

User:Szigetva

2007-10-22T11:50:58Z

Szigetva: New page: '''Péter Szigetvári''' Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest [http://seas3.elte.hu/szigetva Homepage]

'''Péter Szigetvári'''

Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest
[http://seas3.elte.hu/szigetva Homepage]

Minimal word constraint

2007-10-20T19:25:37Z

Szigetva: changed IPA symbols, and added the paragraph on French

The '''minimal word constraint''' sets a minimum for the size of [[lexical word]]s. In English, for example, a lexical word cannot be shorter than two [[mora]]s: either a [[heavy syllable]], that is, either a syllable with a long vowel (like ''eye'' [aɪ], ''go'' [goʊ], ''far'' [fɑː]), or a [[closed syllable]] (like ''cat'' [kat], ''ate'' [ɛt], ''met'' [mɛt]); or two [[light syllable]]s (like ''letter'' [lɛtə], ''city'' [sɪti]). ([[Function word]]s may be shorter than two moras, though in English this only occurs with their [[reduced form]]s: ''for'' [fɔː]/[fə], ''she'' [ʃiː]/[ʃi], etc.).

French, unlike English, does not possess a minimal word constraint: accordingly French lexical words may consist of a single light syllable: ''eau'' [o] `water', feu [fø] `fire', etc.

Minimal word constraint

2007-10-20T19:12:33Z

Szigetva: New page: The '''minimal word constraint''' sets a minimum for the size of lexical words. In English, for example, a lexical word cannot be shorter than two moras: either a [[heavy syllable...

The '''minimal word constraint''' sets a minimum for the size of [[lexical word]]s. In English, for example, a lexical word cannot be shorter than two [[mora]]s: either a [[heavy syllable]], that is, either a syllable with a long vowel (like ''eye'' [aI], ''go'' [goU], ''far'' [fA:]), or a [[closed syllable]] (like ''cat'' [kat], ''ate'' [Et], ''met'' [mEt]); or two [[light syllable]]s (like ''letter'' [lEt@], ''city'' [sIti]). ([[Function word]]s may be shorter than two moras, though in English this only occurs with their [[reduced form]]s: ''for'' [fO:]/[f@], ''she'' [Si:]/[Si]).