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'''Alvin Meyer Liberman''' (May 10, 1917 - Jan. 13, 2000) was an American psychologist whose ideas set the agenda for fifty years of research in the psychology of speech perception and laid the groundwork for modern computer speech synthesis and the understanding of critical issues in cognitive science. He took a biological perspective on language and his 'nativist' approach was often controversial as well as being influential. He was a professor of psychology at the University of Connecticut and of linguistics at Yale University. He was also President of Haskins Laboratories from 1975 through 1986. His paper on the "Perception of the Speech Code" in 1967 remains one of the most cited papers in the psychological literature. He is also known for his pioneering work with Dr. Franklin S. Cooper on the development of the reading machine for the blind in the early 1950s and for the development of the "motor theory" of speech perception with Ignatius Mattingly in the 1960s and 1970s. Along with his wife, Isabelle Liberman, he elucidated the "alphabetic principle" and its relationship to phonemic awareness and phonological awareness in reading. He was a member of the National Academies of Science and of many other distinguished scientific societies.

==Education==
Alvin M. Liberman received his A.B. degree from the University of Missouri–Columbia in 1938, his M.A. degree from the in 1939 and his Ph.D. in psychology from Yale University in 1942.

==Selected Publications==
*  Cooper, F. S., Liberman, A. M., and J. M. Borst. (1951). The interconversion of audible and visible patterns as a basis for research on the perception of speech. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Science'', 37, 318-325.
* Carol A. Fowler, C.A. (2001).  Alvin M. Liberman (1917-2000), Obituaries.  ''American Psychologist'', Dec. 2001, Vol. 56, No. 12, 1164-1165.
* James F. Kavanagh and Ignatius G. Mattingly (eds.), ''Language by Ear and by Eye: The Relationships between Speech and Reading''. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1972. (Paperback edition, 1974, ISBN: 0262610159).
*  Liberman, A. M. (1957). Some results of research on speech perception. ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America'', 29, 117-123.
*  Liberman, A. M., Ingemann, F., Lisker, L., Delattre, P. C., and F. S. Cooper. (1959). Minimal rules for synthesizing speech. ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America'', 31, 1490-1499.
*  Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., & M. Studdert-Kennedy. (1967). Perception of the speech code.  ''Psychological Review'', 74, 431-461.
* Liberman, A. M., & I. G. Mattingly. (1985). The motor theory of speech perception revised. ''Cognition'', 21, 1-36.
* Liberman, I. Y., Shankweiler, D., & Liberman, A. M. (1989). The alphabetic principle and learning to read. In D. Shankweiler & I. Y. Liberman (Eds.), ''Phonology and Reading Disability: Solving the Reading Puzzle''. Research Monograph Series. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
* Alvin M. Liberman. ''Speech: a special code''. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1996. (Hardcover, ISBN: 0262121921_
* Ignatius G. Mattingly & Michael Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.), ''Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception'': Proceedings of a Conference to Honor Alvin M. Liberman. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum: 1991. (Paperback, ISBN: 0805803319)

==Honors==
* [[National Academy of Sciences]]
* 1988 F. O. Schmitt Medal and Prize in Neuroscience
* Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, [[American Psychological Association]], 1980
* [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
* Warren Medal, Society of Experimental Psychologists
* Docteur Honoris Causa, [[Universite Libre de Bruxelles]]
* Honorary Doctor of Science Degree, [[SUNY Binghamton]], New York
* [[University of Connecticut]] Alumni Association Award for Excellence in Research
* [[University of Connecticut]] Alumni Association Distinguished Professor
* Fellow, [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]], 1964-65
* Fellow, [[Acoustical Society of America]]
* Fellow, [[American Psychological Association]]
* [[Guggenheim Fellow]], 1964-65
* Medal, [[College de France]]

== Links ==
*[http://www.haskins.yale.edu/staff/aml.html Haskins Laboratories Tribute]
*[http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JASMAN000108000005002560000002&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes D. H. Whalen, Alvin Liberman's legacy]
*[http://www.haskins.yale.edu/staff/amlmsk.html Obituary by Michael Studdert-Kennedy]
*[http://www.haskins.yale.edu/staff/amlbl.html Obituary by Bjorn Lindblom]
*[http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309082919/html/38.html National Academies Press: Phonological awareness and early reading skills]
*[http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/speechsynthesis/ss_home.htm Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project]
*[http://www.haskins.yale.edu/publications/pub-l.html Reprints of many of Liberman's papers at the Haskins Laboratories website]

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