Aktionsart - Revision history

NBlöcher at 09:15, 14 June 2014

2014-06-14T09:15:06Z

M.Sappir: /* Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart */ predicats → predicates

2010-02-06T12:47:16Z

Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart: predicats → predicates

M.Sappir: /* Historical comments */ two tiny typos

2010-02-06T12:45:30Z

Historical comments: two tiny typos

Volker gast: /* Historical comments */

2009-09-09T17:56:29Z

Historical comments

Volker gast at 17:22, 9 September 2009

2009-09-09T17:22:34Z

Volker gast at 17:17, 9 September 2009

2009-09-09T17:17:06Z

Volker gast: /* Classification (types of situations) */

2009-09-07T08:48:29Z

Classification (types of situations)

Volker gast: /* Classification (types of situations) */

2009-09-07T08:48:02Z

Classification (types of situations)

Volker gast: /* Classification (Types of situations) */

2009-09-07T08:47:43Z

Classification (Types of situations)

Volker gast: /* Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart */

2009-09-07T08:44:08Z

Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 14 June 2014
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	[[Category:SURV]]		[[Category:SURV]]
		+	[[Category:En]]

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 '''Aktionsart''' is to be distinguished from [[aspect]] (more precisely, [[grammatical aspect]]), even though the difference between the two concepts is non-trivial (cf. Tôbîn 1993: 3). [[Grammatical aspect]] concerns the viewpoint from which a situation is viewed. '''Aktionsart''', by contrast, relates to the inherent temporal structure of a situation as determined by the predicate and the context. The category of [[tense]] describes the temporal situation of an action relative to the moment of utterance or some other temporal point of orientation.
-The three basic verbal concepts of [[tense]], [[aspect]] and [[aktionsart]] are closely interrelated. For example, the progressive aspect is distributioanlly restricted to predicats with specific kinds of aktionsart (see: [[progressive aspect]]).
+The three basic verbal concepts of [[tense]], [[aspect]] and [[aktionsart]] are closely interrelated. For example, the progressive aspect is distributioanlly restricted to predicates with specific kinds of aktionsart (see: [[progressive aspect]]).
 ==Classification (types of situations)==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Historical comments==
-The concept of '''aktionsart''' has a long standing history. Its origins are often traced back to Aristotle’s ''Metaphysics IX''. Aristotle distinguishes between ''enérgeia'' (incomplete movement, process) and ''kíne:sis'' (complete movement, actuality), which designate the two basic types of situation found in our natural environment (cf. Verkuyl 1993: 43). [[Lexical aspect]] and its difference from [[grammatical aspect]] has been prominentl y investigate in Slavonic linguistics. The linguistic term '''aktionsart''' was coined later in Germanic linguistics.
+The concept of '''aktionsart''' has a long standing history. Its origins are often traced back to Aristotle’s ''Metaphysics IX''. Aristotle distinguishes between ''enérgeia'' (incomplete movement, process) and ''kíne:sis'' (complete movement, actuality), which designate the two basic types of situation found in our natural environment (cf. Verkuyl 1993: 43). [[Lexical aspect]] and its difference from [[grammatical aspect]] has been prominently investigated in Slavonic linguistics. The linguistic term '''aktionsart''' was coined later in Germanic linguistics.
 ==Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Historical comments==
-The concept of '''aktionsart''' has a long standing history. Its origins are often traced back to Aristotle’s ''Metaphysics IX'''. Aristotle distinguishes between ''enérgeia'' (incomplete movement, process) and ''kíne:sis'' (complete movement, actuality), which designate the two basic types of situation found in our natural environment (cf. Verkuyl 1993: 43). [[Lexical aspect]] and its difference from [[grammatical aspect]] has been prominentl y investigate in Slavonic linguistics. The linguistic term '''aktionsart''' was coined later in Germanic linguistics.
+The concept of '''aktionsart''' has a long standing history. Its origins are often traced back to Aristotle’s ''Metaphysics IX''. Aristotle distinguishes between ''enérgeia'' (incomplete movement, process) and ''kíne:sis'' (complete movement, actuality), which designate the two basic types of situation found in our natural environment (cf. Verkuyl 1993: 43). [[Lexical aspect]] and its difference from [[grammatical aspect]] has been prominentl y investigate in Slavonic linguistics. The linguistic term '''aktionsart''' was coined later in Germanic linguistics.
 ==Relation between tense, aspect and aktionsart==

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:22, 9 September 2009
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	The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].		The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].
		+
		+	==Aktionsart and temporal adverbials==
		+
		+	The different types of situation can only combine specific temporal adverbials.
		+
		+	[[Activity\|Activities]] are often accompanied by a ''for''-adverbial, which denotes an atelic duration over a longer stretch of time (cf. Borik 2006: 23).
		+	* ''He slept for ten hours.''
		+
		+	[[Accomplishment]]s are typically used with a (telic) ''in''-adverbials. In the following example, a time span and a related terminal point is given which specifies the instant when the reading of the book was finished.
		+	* ''I read the book in an hour.''
		+
		+	[[Achievement]]s are mostly modified by definite, punctual time adverbials of the type ''at x o’clock''.
		+	* ''I found my keys at seven o’clock in the afternoon.''
		+
		+	The construction ''It took him x time to do x ...'' can only co-occur with accomplishments, since it only allows a durative and telic interpretation.
		+	* ''It took him five hours to paint the picture.''

	==Problems, criticism==		==Problems, criticism==

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:17, 9 September 2009
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	The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].		The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activity\|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].
		+
		+	==Problems, criticism==
		+
		+	The relationship between the meaning of a verb and a specific type of situation is not absolute (cf. Bache 1995: 230). Some verbs can have completely different meanings, depending on the sentential context, and may therefore belong to more than one class of aktionsart. "This alternation can be made explicit if it is disambiguated by means of temporal modifiers or specific non-linguistic contexts" (Trautwein 2005: 37).
		+
		+	* ''I think you are an idiot.''
		+	* ''What are you doing? – I’m thinking.''
		+
		+	In the first example, ''think'' denotes a state (of cognition). In the second example, it describes a cognitive activity (of thinking).
		+
		+	* ''He has been running the whole afternoon.''
		+	* ''He ran a mile today.''
		+
		+	''Run'' is a typical activity verb, as in the first example. However, if one adds an adverb (here a locative) or another modifier restricting or limiting the activity, ''run'' becomes an accomplishment verb. The modifier ''a mile'' defines the terminal point of the process and makes it telic (cf. Dowty 1979: 60).

	==Literature==		==Literature==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Classification (types of situations)==
-The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activities|activity]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activities|activity]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].
+The most influential classification of aktionsarten to date has been provided by Vendler (1957) (“the quadripartition at the lexical level”; cf. Verkuyl 1993: 33). He distinguishes four types of possible situations: [[state]]s, [[achievement]]s, [[activity|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s. [[Achievement]]s, [[activity|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s can be subsumed under the term [[occurrence]].
 ==Literature==