Difference between revisions of "Negation"
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Haspelmath (talk | contribs) (New page: '''Negation''' refers to the situation in which something is said not to be the case. ===Term properties=== Relational adjective: ''negative'' ===References=== *Givón, Talmy. 1978. Nega...) |
(Exchanged the title of the German version ("Negation") with "Negation (de)", since "Negation" is already the title of the English version) |
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| − | '''Negation''' refers to the situation in which something is said not to be the case. | + | '''Negation''' refers to the situation in which something is said not to be the case. In [[propositional logic]], it is the [[logical operation]] which turns the [[truth value]] of a [[proposition]] into its opposite. Proposition Neg phi is true if and only if phi is not true: |
| + | |||
| + | (i) phi Neg phi | ||
| + | 1 0 | ||
| + | 0 1 | ||
| + | |||
| + | The negation operator Neg is a unary [[connective]]. In [[syllogistic logic]], negation can be an operator on terms. Thus in ''nobody is ill'', the term ''nobody'' is considered the negation of ''somebody''. | ||
===Term properties=== | ===Term properties=== | ||
Relational adjective: ''negative'' | Relational adjective: ''negative'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Subtypes=== | ||
| + | *[[Direct negation]] | ||
| + | *[[Double negation]] | ||
| + | *[[External negation]] | ||
| + | *[[Indirect negation]] | ||
| + | *[[Internal negation]] | ||
| + | *[[Sentential negation]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===See also=== | ||
| + | *[[Negative attraction]] | ||
| + | *[[Negative raising]] | ||
| + | *[[Negative transportation]] | ||
| + | *[[Prohibitive]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Links === | ||
| + | |||
| + | [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negation&lemmacode=491 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
| − | *Givón, Talmy. 1978. Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. In: Peter Cole | + | * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago. |
| − | (ed.) ''Syntax and Semantics, Volume 9 (Pragmatics).'' New York: Academic Press, 69-112. | + | *[[Givón, Talmy]]. 1978. Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. In: Peter Cole (ed.) ''Syntax and Semantics, Volume 9 (Pragmatics).'' New York: Academic Press, 69-112. |
| + | *[[Horn, Lawrence R.]] 1989. ''A natural history of negation.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | ||
| − | * | + | ===Other languages=== |
| + | *French [[négation]] | ||
| + | *German [[Negation (de)]], [[Verneinung]] | ||
{{dc}} | {{dc}} | ||
[[Category:Semantics]] | [[Category:Semantics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:35, 18 July 2014
Negation refers to the situation in which something is said not to be the case. In propositional logic, it is the logical operation which turns the truth value of a proposition into its opposite. Proposition Neg phi is true if and only if phi is not true:
(i) phi Neg phi 1 0 0 1
The negation operator Neg is a unary connective. In syllogistic logic, negation can be an operator on terms. Thus in nobody is ill, the term nobody is considered the negation of somebody.
Term properties
Relational adjective: negative
Subtypes
- Direct negation
- Double negation
- External negation
- Indirect negation
- Internal negation
- Sentential negation
See also
Links
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics
References
- Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. Logic, language, and meaning, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Givón, Talmy. 1978. Negation in language: Pragmatics, function, ontology. In: Peter Cole (ed.) Syntax and Semantics, Volume 9 (Pragmatics). New York: Academic Press, 69-112.
- Horn, Lawrence R. 1989. A natural history of negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Other languages
- French négation
- German Negation (de), Verneinung
