Difference between revisions of "Scrambling"
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| − | + | ==Definition== | |
| + | '''Scrambling''' is a cover term for a specific kind of [[word order]] variation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In the study of [[Germanic]] [[SOV]]-languages the term is used to refer to word order variation of argument [[NP]]s with respect to each other and/or with respect to [[adverbial phrase]]s. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Example == | ||
| + | In [[German]] an object may follow or precede an adverb (object and adverb may be scrambled): | ||
| + | |||
| + | (i) a Er hat ihr vielleicht dieses Buch gegeben | ||
| + | he has her maybe this book given | ||
| + | b Er hat ihr dieses Buch vielleicht gegeben | ||
| + | |||
| + | Two objects may be scrambled as well: | ||
| + | |||
| + | (ii) Er hat dieses Buch vielleicht ihr gegeben | ||
| + | |||
| + | And sometimes an object - ''den Max'' in (iii) - may even scramble over the subject, as in (iii)b: | ||
| + | |||
| + | (iii) a ... dass jeder den Max kennt | ||
| + | that everyone (the) Max knows | ||
| + | b ... dass den Max jeder kennt | ||
| + | |||
| + | It seems that [[definiteness]] is a factor interfering with scrambling. Nonspecific indefinite NPs cannot be scrambled and neither can particles or small clause predicates. One point of controversy is whether scrambling is a case of movement (of NP) and if so whether it is [[A-bar movement]] or not. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Links == | ||
| + | *[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Scrambling&lemmacode=206 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == References == | ||
| + | * Grewendorf , G & W. Sternefeld (eds.) 1990. ''Scrambling and Barriers,'' John Benjamins,Amsterdam/Philadelphia. | ||
| + | * Neeleman, A. 1994. ''Complex Predicates,'' diss., Utrecht University | ||
| + | * Ross, J.R. 1967. ''Constraints on variables in syntax,'' doctoral dissertation, MIT (published as 'Infinite syntax!' Ablex, Norwood (1986)). | ||
| + | * Webelhuth, G. 1989. ''Syntactic Saturation Phenomena and the Modern Germanic Languages,'' Diss, UMass. | ||
| + | * Webelhuth, G. & H. Den Besten 1987. ''Adjunction and Remnant Topicalization in the Germanic SOV-languages,'' GLOW conference Venice, . | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Other languages== | ||
| + | *German [[Scrambling (de)]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{dc}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Syntax]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:55, 5 October 2014
Definition
Scrambling is a cover term for a specific kind of word order variation.
In the study of Germanic SOV-languages the term is used to refer to word order variation of argument NPs with respect to each other and/or with respect to adverbial phrases.
Example
In German an object may follow or precede an adverb (object and adverb may be scrambled):
(i) a Er hat ihr vielleicht dieses Buch gegeben
he has her maybe this book given
b Er hat ihr dieses Buch vielleicht gegeben
Two objects may be scrambled as well:
(ii) Er hat dieses Buch vielleicht ihr gegeben
And sometimes an object - den Max in (iii) - may even scramble over the subject, as in (iii)b:
(iii) a ... dass jeder den Max kennt
that everyone (the) Max knows
b ... dass den Max jeder kennt
It seems that definiteness is a factor interfering with scrambling. Nonspecific indefinite NPs cannot be scrambled and neither can particles or small clause predicates. One point of controversy is whether scrambling is a case of movement (of NP) and if so whether it is A-bar movement or not.
Links
References
- Grewendorf , G & W. Sternefeld (eds.) 1990. Scrambling and Barriers, John Benjamins,Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
- Neeleman, A. 1994. Complex Predicates, diss., Utrecht University
- Ross, J.R. 1967. Constraints on variables in syntax, doctoral dissertation, MIT (published as 'Infinite syntax!' Ablex, Norwood (1986)).
- Webelhuth, G. 1989. Syntactic Saturation Phenomena and the Modern Germanic Languages, Diss, UMass.
- Webelhuth, G. & H. Den Besten 1987. Adjunction and Remnant Topicalization in the Germanic SOV-languages, GLOW conference Venice, .
Other languages
- German Scrambling (de)
