Vacuous quantification

Vacuous quantification obtains when a quantifier fails to bind a variable, either because the variable is not in the scope of that quantifier (cf. All(x) in (i)a), or because there is another quantifier already binding the variable (cf. All(x) in (i)b).

(i) a  All(x) [ P(j) ] & Q(x)
    b  All(x) [ P(j) & ThereIs(x) [ Q(x) ]]

Links

Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

References

• Partee, B.H., A. ter Meulen, and R. Wall 1990. Mathematical Methods in Linguistics, Kluwer:Dordrecht

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