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• Evidentiality
  ...we know something is true. Some languages grammaticise evidentiality (mark it in their verb system). ''al-ypdyr'' 's/he took (but I didn't see it)';
  684 bytes (102 words) - 18:17, 20 September 2014
• Referential opacity
  '''Referential opacity''' is a property of [[word]]s which entails that it is impossible to 'see inside' them, and refer to their parts by using an [[ ...gh the anaphoric relation that is possible in ''he took the tea and poured it into the cup''. Referential opacity is closely related to the property of [
  842 bytes (134 words) - 09:14, 28 September 2014
• Tenuis
  ...indicates the voiceless, unaspirated series of Greek plosives, ''π τ κ''. It may be useful as a more precise alternative when terms such as 'voiceless',
  677 bytes (101 words) - 05:15, 6 March 2019
• Meronymy
  ...ntity and its parts. The whole is also called [[holonym]] and each part of it a [[meronym]].
  271 bytes (42 words) - 14:09, 14 June 2009
• Universal quantifier
  ...ities in the [[universe of discourse]] have a particular property. In (i), it is used to express that every entity has property P. It is a standard assumption that natural language expressions such as ''each g
  740 bytes (106 words) - 16:46, 24 August 2014
• Derivation
  * in [[:category:generative syntax|generative syntax]], it refers to the entire sequence of rule applications in the process of genera * in [[:category:morphology|morphology]], it refers to word formation through the association of dependent and independe
  954 bytes (131 words) - 18:03, 28 June 2014
• Status planning
  ...f [[language planning]], in the well-known classification of Kloss (1969): It refers to modifications in the social role of a language, in particular the ...the status of the language, whether it is satisfactory as it is or whether it should be lowered or raised." (Kloss 1969)
  896 bytes (125 words) - 17:05, 30 January 2013
• Referential expression
  ...in ''it rains'' is quasi-referential) and expletives such as ''it'' (cf. ''it seems that he has gone'') and ''there'' (''there is a man in the garden'').
  1 KB (176 words) - 08:36, 28 September 2014
• Siraiki
  Siraiki is an old language. It is spoken in centeral Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language with deep influence of Munda and Dravidian langua
  656 bytes (59 words) - 08:40, 10 August 2014
• Illocutionary force
  ...f a yes-no question, but uttering it is an illocutionary act of a request: it would be improper to answer with a simple 'yes'.
  750 bytes (112 words) - 03:27, 18 May 2009
• Intransitive verb
  ...''intransitive verb''' is a verb that does not require an [[object]], i.e. it requires only a [[subject]]. The term 'intransitive' subsumes [[monovalent] * avalent (intransitive) predicate: ''rains'' in ''It rains'
  396 bytes (49 words) - 20:23, 4 July 2014
• Selectional restriction
  ...dicate]] (or [[predicate term]]) and its argument(s) ([[argument term]]s). It concerns inherent properties of the relevant referents. ...cate ''assassinate'' requires an object that denotes a famous person, i.e. it imposes a selectional restriction to this effect.
  498 bytes (64 words) - 12:38, 26 July 2014
• Institutionalized
  ...ve special properties not predictable from its parts and the rule by which it was created. :::''"It might in addition be useful to have a label for those established words whi
  1 KB (157 words) - 14:57, 20 May 2013
• Central Saamic
  ...constitutes the northern branch of [[Western Saamic|Western]] [[Saamic]]. It is further divided into the western group ([[Pite Saami]] and [[Lule Saami] It agrees with [[Southern Saamic]] in the following (western) features:
  859 bytes (124 words) - 14:25, 30 January 2013
• Recoverability of deletion
  ...only if it is fully determined by a structurally related [[phrase]], or if it is a 'designated element'. Part of the recoverability condition is subsumed
  568 bytes (78 words) - 08:33, 28 September 2014
• Clausal complement
  ...ecause the fact that it is a [[clause]] is more salient than the fact that it is a [[complement]].
  344 bytes (49 words) - 17:12, 20 September 2014
• Imperative
  (i) Tell me about it. 'Tell (you) me now how it is'
  563 bytes (80 words) - 03:38, 18 May 2009
• Wizard of Oz
  ...help to define a vocabulary, a grammar and a dialogue model. Furthermore, it can point out possible problems at an early stage. The WOZ technique can he # It must be possible to simulate the future system, given human limitations.
  1 KB (204 words) - 15:53, 7 September 2014
• Floating quantifier
  ...ting quantifier''' is a [[quantifier]] that is not immediately near the NP it quantifies. French ''tous'' (all) is the exemplary case: ...'les étudiants'' it quantifies, but in (i)b ''tous'' has 'floated' off, as it were, into the sentence. Sportiche (1988) has claimed that ''tous'' in exam
  894 bytes (131 words) - 08:26, 20 August 2019
• Fuzzy logic model of perception
  ...oes not imply that people have a special [[module]] for processing speech. It claims that categorical perception can be understood as a problem of classi
  651 bytes (98 words) - 17:05, 29 June 2014
• Tautology
  ...le denotation of the variables and individual and predicate constants that it contains. The formula All(x) [ P(x) v Neg P(x) ] is a tautology of predicat
  946 bytes (151 words) - 07:12, 17 August 2014
• Pronoun of laziness
  ...a copy of its antecedent (x's hat), rather than being co-referential with it. Full implementation of this analysis by means of [[lambda-abstraction]] is
  1 KB (189 words) - 19:12, 27 September 2014
• Allomorphy
  ...tive forms depending on the phonological or morphological context in which it appears. In another type of allomorphy, the realization of a [[morpheme]] i ...and probable, but when the noun-forming suffix ''-ity'' is attached to it it is pronounced as /ɪbil/ (''possibility'', ''probability'').
  1 KB (154 words) - 17:10, 15 June 2014
• Contact assimilation vs. distant assimilation
  ...' (spelled quinque). When distant assimilation applies over an entire word it is called [[harmony]] (e.g. [[vowel harmony]], [[nasal harmony]]).
  652 bytes (80 words) - 19:19, 22 June 2014
• Vacuous Movement Hypothesis
  ...[[movement]] is blocked unless it affects the (linear) order of the string it applies to.
  727 bytes (100 words) - 08:53, 30 August 2014
• Subordinating conjunction
  ...ing conjunction''' is an older term for [[subordinator]]. (In older usage, it can be defined as a [[conjunction (i.e. connective)|conjunction]] that mark The reason this term was largely given up by linguists is that it was felt that [[subordinator]]s and [[coordinator]]s do not really form a n
  613 bytes (85 words) - 15:40, 27 July 2014
• Classifier
  ...asurement (e.g. ''nián'' 'year'), it must be preceded by a classifier when it occurs with a numeral or a demonstrative.
  789 bytes (108 words) - 18:34, 22 June 2014
• Article
  ...o investigate whether the marker can occur independently or not, if it can it is most likely a pronoun and not an article. Articles can be homophoneous w
  2 KB (263 words) - 17:03, 20 September 2014
• Edward Sapir
  *Italian [[Edward Sapir (it)]]
  80 bytes (9 words) - 18:51, 28 June 2014
• Corpus planning
  ...(1969): It refers to modifications in vocabulary, grammar, or writing, and it contrasts with [[status planning]].
  648 bytes (88 words) - 16:57, 30 January 2013
• Suffix
  ...]]) which attaches at the righthand side of a [[base]], i.e. which follows it.
  1 KB (164 words) - 16:14, 9 June 2009
• Complementary
  ...it cannot have property ''Q'', and if ''x'' does not have property ''P'', it has property ''Q'':
  695 bytes (91 words) - 18:56, 22 June 2014
• Acoustics
  '''Acoustics''' is the study of sound waves. It is properly a subfield of physics, but is also key to the linguistic specia ...he [[vocal tract]] produce all of the [[speech sounds]] of human language. It also allows us to analyse those sounds based on audio recordings.
  802 bytes (118 words) - 18:46, 2 June 2015
• Sememic stratum
  ...It may also be the highest level for various other modalities. Certainly it is connected with the system for visual perception and other kinds of perce ...the sememic system, such as subtypes of "red" and the supertype "color". It is also directly connected to a point in the visual system where we have th
  3 KB (395 words) - 06:08, 8 October 2017
• Substratum
  ...over some (especially phonological and syntactic) structural properties to it.
  697 bytes (93 words) - 15:51, 27 July 2014
• Exclamative sentence
  ...side [[declarative sentence|declarative]] and [[interrogative sentence]]s. It is very likely that there are also languages without a special class of exc ...tences in that they use [[interrogative pronoun]]s, e.g. English ''How big it is!''
  756 bytes (97 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2014
• Theta Criterion
  ...sition contains an argument. If the theta-criterion is defined over [[LF]] it says that each theta-position is in a unique [[chain]], and that each chain (i) a it seems that John is ill
  2 KB (282 words) - 09:34, 17 August 2014
• Lexicalization (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...is unnecessary for the meaning of "happiness" to be in any way idiomatic: It is repeated use rather than degree of idiomaticity that determines presence ...rk|network]] (or wider cognitive network) is used, the easier it is to use it again: "The pathways of the brain are like pathways through a meadow or fie
  2 KB (354 words) - 20:28, 31 October 2017
• Pretence
  ...e elaborate versions, pretending to be a certain type of person performing it)." (WIlson 2006: 1734)
  691 bytes (97 words) - 11:56, 24 May 2009
• Speaker's reference
  ...r chooses it to be, as distinguished from the [[semantic reference]], that it has in virtue of its [[meaning]]. Kripke (1977) argued that [[referential n
  846 bytes (117 words) - 07:44, 4 November 2014
• Sound change typology
  For a certain type of change, we can observe in which languages it occurred, and collections of attested sound changes then may show how frequ It occurred, e.g., in the history of most Iranian languages, Middle Indo-Aryan
  836 bytes (127 words) - 08:44, 10 August 2014
• Linguistic information system
  ...guistic system operates, e.g. for speaking and understanding, and (2) that it has been acquired and is further expandable, adaptable, and otherwise chang ...prescribed by some pre-existing linguistic theory, and certainly not that it is genetically determined by a language gene.
  4 KB (600 words) - 06:06, 8 October 2017
• Binding
  ...hat an element is coindexed with its antecedent which c-commands it, hence it is bound by the antecedent.
  1 KB (191 words) - 00:25, 5 August 2021
• Agent
  ...of an event is the entity that brings about an event and has control over it. ...encoded as a [[subject]] (in the nominative case); in ergative languages, it is associated with a special case, the [[ergative]]. Irrespective of the [[
  1 KB (185 words) - 09:47, 14 June 2014
• Open syllable
  ...a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words
  857 bytes (131 words) - 17:07, 18 July 2014
• Latin
  ...of languages sprode around Europe, these are called [[Romance languages]]. It is a highly [[inflection|inflected]] language. Latin alphabet is the most used writing system in the world. It origins can be traced back to the early Greek [[alphabet]].
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:15, 9 August 2014
• Exponent
  In Generative Grammar, especially a branch of it, namely Distributed Morphology, ''exponent'' refers to the phonological for
  179 bytes (26 words) - 12:51, 13 October 2021
• Concept (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...basic structures are so fundamental that they could just as well have made it possible for him to learn other concepts that he might have had to learn if
  1 KB (203 words) - 02:10, 15 October 2017
• Sentence topic vs. discourse topic
  ...eally didn't want to leave, but he couldn't afford the rent, you know. And it had such a nice garden in the back!'' In the example, the discourse topic is established in the first sentence: it is ''Mike's house''. In the following sentence, a new "local" topic is esta
  738 bytes (125 words) - 18:20, 28 June 2014
• Neurocognitive linguistics
  ** The operations which make it possible for people to produce and understand speech. ...lev, but they only proposed it as a point of view, never demonstrated that it could actually work.
  3 KB (495 words) - 06:17, 8 October 2017
• Language (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  "Language" is just a term of English. It may be interesting to take note of the fact that many of what English calls ...nguage is not only unobservable, it is not a physical object of any kind. It can be regarded as a very abstract object or as a logical construct, or as
  2 KB (313 words) - 19:14, 28 January 2018
• Gender (grammar)
  ...in -''a'' it is feminine (e.g. ''lampa'' 'lamp'), and if it ends in -''o'' it is neuter (e.g. ''okno'' 'window'). Some languages only distinguish two gen
  2 KB (295 words) - 16:55, 21 August 2014
• Allophone
  ...n 'spin', finally, as in 'cap', or followed by a consonant, as in 'print', it will not have this aspiration.
  1 KB (224 words) - 15:12, 3 August 2014
• Super raising
  ...subject raising, (ii) is impossible, since the subject position taken by ''it'' is skipped in moving ''Vitesse'' to the subject position of ''seems''. (ii) *Vitesse seems [that it is certain [t to win]]
  970 bytes (136 words) - 08:06, 16 August 2014
• Synonymy
  '''Synonymy''' is a [[sense relation]]. It holds between two [[word]]s or [[phrase]]s with the same [[meaning]], like
  339 bytes (46 words) - 08:42, 16 August 2014
• Line (in relational network theory)
  ...thway going through a field or a jungle, the more it gets used, the easier it is to use the next time.
  1 KB (234 words) - 06:13, 8 October 2017
• Grammatical
  ...[anomaly]] or that it is intelligible by native speakers of that language. It only refers to the compliance with underlying syntactic rules. Grammaticali
  976 bytes (139 words) - 17:43, 29 June 2014
• Instrument
  '''Instrument''' is a [[semantic relation]]. It is used for an inanimate entity with the help of which a given action is ca
  238 bytes (38 words) - 20:09, 4 July 2014
• Pied piping
  ...s moved, it can optionally 'drag along' a larger [[NP]] or [[PP]] in which it is contained.
  1 KB (174 words) - 15:55, 5 March 2011
• Conducton aphasia
  ...son having a disconnection between sound patterns and the production area. It is caused by damage to the arcuate fasciculus.
  275 bytes (42 words) - 19:17, 22 June 2014
• Subject
  ...It is the answer to the questions ‘who’ and ‘what’ in the clause. Thereby it says about whom the sentence is made. The subject agrees with the verb in n
  963 bytes (153 words) - 13:10, 13 May 2016
• Semantic mirage
  ...stics)|lexeme]] stands for just one thing, ruling out the possibility that it might have different senses in different contexts. ...an object that is an integral whole, even if closer examination would show it to be a relatively haphazard collection of diverse phenomena.
  1 KB (152 words) - 06:09, 8 October 2017
• Occurrence
  ...'' is a type of situation (or state of affairs) which is [[dynamic]], i.e. it is associated with (physical, temporal etc.) change. ...sive aspect denotes the continuation of an action and with accomplishments it refers to the “preparatory process leading towards the culmination of the
  1 KB (158 words) - 16:59, 18 July 2014
• Syntactic relation
  ...ion''' is a relation holding between a [[constituent]] and the clause that it forms part of.
  267 bytes (35 words) - 16:17, 27 July 2014
• Global aphasia
  Global aphasia is aphasia which affects all language functions. It is caused by damage to all of the langauge processing components which are
  250 bytes (36 words) - 17:29, 29 June 2014
• Caused motion construction
  ...onstruction''' (omitting the subject, which Lamb does not consider part of it) is a [[construction (in neurocognitive linguistics)|construction]] that ca ...e", etc. Here, <MOVE> represents any action that can cause motion, and so it permits any verb that can be so construed, even "sneeze", to impart motion
  1 KB (158 words) - 02:09, 15 October 2017
• Surface dyslexia
  Surface dyslexia is often the result of temporal lobe damage. It causes the subject to have to carefully sound out each word. This results i
  285 bytes (44 words) - 13:27, 25 July 2010
• Voiceless
  A [[speech sound]] is called '''voiceless''' if it is pronounced with open [[vocal folds]] so that air from the lungs can free
  274 bytes (38 words) - 19:37, 2 August 2014
• Scope
  ...May (1977) states that "the scope of a quantifier phi is everything which it c-commands" (meaning: at LF). Thus, if the relevant syntactic level of repr
  2 KB (276 words) - 15:55, 5 October 2014
• Lexeme (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...internal representation of the lexeme. Note that whenever it is activated it activates the rest of the functional web -- connections to meaning nodes an ...nnected. Every lexeme has its connection to the grammatical tactics. And it connects downwards to expression in some cases as a simple connection; for
  4 KB (712 words) - 06:35, 8 October 2017
• Language Science Press
  Language Science Press is an imprint based on the idea of Open Access. It was initiated in 2012 by [[Stefan Müller]] and [[Martin Haspelmath]].
  387 bytes (55 words) - 17:06, 6 July 2014
• Crash
  ...''' is a notion in the [[Minimalist Program]]. A [[derivation]] crashes if it does not [[converge]].
  355 bytes (44 words) - 18:06, 20 September 2014
• Properness
  ...er NP. A proper quantifier denotation Q is also called a ''sieve'' because it only lets through those VP denotations that together with Q make a true sen
  1 KB (170 words) - 19:13, 27 September 2014
• Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense
  ...ctic time is usually the moment of utterance. Under specific circumstances it can be shifted to the ‘decoding time’: * it is a past tense because it is used when T_r <T_o;
  4 KB (599 words) - 18:20, 27 March 2011
• Language planning
  The term has been around since the 1960s. It seems that it arose in connection with policy decisions in newly independent Asian and Af
  1 KB (155 words) - 16:56, 30 January 2013
• Tough-movement
  ...ase of [[improper movement]], or as a [[binding]] violation. As a solution it has been proposed that ''John'' in (i) is an argument of the adjective ''ea ...exed with ''John''. Easy to confuse with [[though-movement]] though it is, it is different.
  2 KB (278 words) - 19:17, 29 August 2014
• Exocentric compound
  ...ss'' does not refer to a behind which is smart but to a person who is know-it-all smart. An alternative term used for such compounds is [[bahuvrihi compo
  1 KB (190 words) - 22:34, 18 December 2013
• Timbre
  ...ed and having the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar. Put more simply, it relates to the '''sound quality''' of the segment.
  438 bytes (64 words) - 09:45, 17 August 2014
• Association for Linguistic Typology
  ...rganization of linguists with a special interest in [[language typology]]. It was founded in 1993.
  319 bytes (40 words) - 09:06, 1 June 2014
• Borrowing (i.e. copying)
  ...opies)''' an element from a language Y (the [[donor language]]) means that it comes to include this element into its own system. ...ructure of a group's native language from the external language with which it is in contact. This kind of influence is referred to as "borrowing"."'' (Wi
  3 KB (454 words) - 17:05, 9 September 2009
• Compositionality
  ...t. The meaning of a complex form is said to be '(fully) compositional' iff it can be derived in accordance with the [[Compositionality Principle]].
  311 bytes (49 words) - 18:58, 22 June 2014
• Truncation
  ...' is a morphological [[operation]] by which one [[morpheme]] is deleted if it is internal to another [[suffix]]. ...es this problem by allowing for a truncation rule that deletes -''ate'' if it is followed by -''ee'', as in (ii):
  2 KB (265 words) - 08:03, 30 August 2014
• Tactic pattern
  [[Stratificational grammar]] defined its term "tactics" after Hockett. It has the same Greek root as ''syntax'', referring to arrangements. He said ...neously functions as topic and agent -- it will have an upward AND linking it to the two functions. Or, in "Harry kicked himself," there is a third line
  2 KB (395 words) - 06:10, 8 October 2017
• Extrametricality
  ...ommonly: [[metrical]]) [[phonological rule]]; that is, it is treated as if it were not there. Hayes (1982) argues that extrametricality can be assigned b
  2 KB (266 words) - 18:55, 22 June 2019
• Reading (semantics)
  If an expression has two (or more) '''readings''', it has two (or more) logically distinct [[interpretation]]s. If two expression
  361 bytes (51 words) - 08:25, 28 September 2014
• Weather verb
  ...is a predicate either without an argument or with a quasi-argument (cf. ''it rains'').
  458 bytes (61 words) - 18:15, 4 September 2014
• Cooperative Principle
  ...our conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which ...cean maxims|Maxims]] (of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner) and used it to explain conversational implicatures.
  1 KB (188 words) - 03:35, 18 May 2009
• Oral cavity
  ...''mouth'', is the resonating chamber between the [[pharynx]] and the lips. It is the final resonating chamber of the [[vocal tract]].
  338 bytes (44 words) - 18:55, 21 September 2014
• NP
  This abbreviation is so frequent that it is often not explained in linguists' work. When talking about noun phrases,
  341 bytes (49 words) - 18:34, 21 September 2014
• Nominative case (citation form)
  ...nominative'' (Latin ''nominativus'', Greek ''onomastikée'' 'naming form'). It is especially common in Caucasian linguistics, which have [[ergative constr ...e constitutive function is just to ''name'' — lat. ''nominare'' — objects. It is the only case that is normally used out of any syntactic context: as a l
  1 KB (179 words) - 17:52, 12 June 2014
• Maxim of quality
  It is one of the four conversational maxims of the cooperative principles. The
  372 bytes (48 words) - 12:35, 13 July 2014
• Finite vs. nonfinite
  ...er specifications (like the Portuguese [[conjugated infinitive]]), or when it lacks person-number but has tense. ...pair was apparently created on the basis of the older term ''infinitive''. It has been in use only since the 19th century. An early use is in Murray (179
  2 KB (256 words) - 16:33, 14 October 2015
• Kildin Saami morphology
  ...: kuesʼk} in the paradigm in Table \ref{noun}) or vowel ablaut (like in {\it jēllʼe : jīllʼe} in the paradigm in Table \ref{verb}). Consonant gradat ...1st person singular, occur only in a few lexicalized kinship nouns (e.g. {\it jānna} ‘my mother, mommy’).
  4 KB (678 words) - 15:43, 6 July 2014
• Head movement constraint
  (i) An X⁰ may only move into the Y0 which properly governs it Recently, it has been argued that the HMC can be derived from more general principles, s
  1 KB (204 words) - 20:20, 3 July 2014
• Masculine
  This word is from Latin ''masculinus'' 'male'. It is attested in English since the 14th century and probably goes back to ant
  402 bytes (58 words) - 12:42, 13 July 2014
• Tarski's truth definition
  to understand a proposition means to know what is the case if it is true. It has the following general form:
  1 KB (186 words) - 07:11, 17 August 2014
• Absolute
  ...icate]]s (or [[predicate term]]s). A predicate is said to be 'absolute' if it can be interpreted without taking a complement. The term 'absolute' contras
  353 bytes (48 words) - 17:01, 18 June 2014
• Theme (vs. rheme)
  The term '''theme''' is an older term for [[topic]]. It is often used in contrast with [[rheme]] (see [[theme and rheme]]).
  302 bytes (45 words) - 16:56, 27 July 2014
• Endangered Languages Academic Programme
  ...emic programme at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (London). It is a part of the [[HRELP]].
  371 bytes (48 words) - 18:20, 20 September 2014
• Homography
  ...when a set of words are spelled identically, but have different meanings. It is not necessary for homographic words to be pronounced the same way, which
  431 bytes (55 words) - 22:25, 27 July 2010

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