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• Evidentiality
  ...we know something is true. Some languages grammaticise evidentiality (mark it in their verb system). ''al-ypdyr'' 's/he took (but I didn't see it)';
  684 bytes (102 words) - 18:17, 20 September 2014
• Referential opacity
  '''Referential opacity''' is a property of [[word]]s which entails that it is impossible to 'see inside' them, and refer to their parts by using an [[ ...gh the anaphoric relation that is possible in ''he took the tea and poured it into the cup''. Referential opacity is closely related to the property of [
  842 bytes (134 words) - 09:14, 28 September 2014
• Tenuis
  ...indicates the voiceless, unaspirated series of Greek plosives, ''π τ κ''. It may be useful as a more precise alternative when terms such as 'voiceless',
  677 bytes (101 words) - 05:15, 6 March 2019
• Meronymy
  ...ntity and its parts. The whole is also called [[holonym]] and each part of it a [[meronym]].
  271 bytes (42 words) - 14:09, 14 June 2009
• Universal quantifier
  ...ities in the [[universe of discourse]] have a particular property. In (i), it is used to express that every entity has property P. It is a standard assumption that natural language expressions such as ''each g
  740 bytes (106 words) - 16:46, 24 August 2014
• Derivation
  * in [[:category:generative syntax|generative syntax]], it refers to the entire sequence of rule applications in the process of genera * in [[:category:morphology|morphology]], it refers to word formation through the association of dependent and independe
  954 bytes (131 words) - 18:03, 28 June 2014
• Status planning
  ...f [[language planning]], in the well-known classification of Kloss (1969): It refers to modifications in the social role of a language, in particular the ...the status of the language, whether it is satisfactory as it is or whether it should be lowered or raised." (Kloss 1969)
  896 bytes (125 words) - 17:05, 30 January 2013
• Referential expression
  ...in ''it rains'' is quasi-referential) and expletives such as ''it'' (cf. ''it seems that he has gone'') and ''there'' (''there is a man in the garden'').
  1 KB (176 words) - 08:36, 28 September 2014
• Siraiki
  Siraiki is an old language. It is spoken in centeral Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language with deep influence of Munda and Dravidian langua
  656 bytes (59 words) - 08:40, 10 August 2014
• Illocutionary force
  ...f a yes-no question, but uttering it is an illocutionary act of a request: it would be improper to answer with a simple 'yes'.
  750 bytes (112 words) - 03:27, 18 May 2009
• Intransitive verb
  ...''intransitive verb''' is a verb that does not require an [[object]], i.e. it requires only a [[subject]]. The term 'intransitive' subsumes [[monovalent] * avalent (intransitive) predicate: ''rains'' in ''It rains'
  396 bytes (49 words) - 20:23, 4 July 2014
• Selectional restriction
  ...dicate]] (or [[predicate term]]) and its argument(s) ([[argument term]]s). It concerns inherent properties of the relevant referents. ...cate ''assassinate'' requires an object that denotes a famous person, i.e. it imposes a selectional restriction to this effect.
  498 bytes (64 words) - 12:38, 26 July 2014
• Institutionalized
  ...ve special properties not predictable from its parts and the rule by which it was created. :::''"It might in addition be useful to have a label for those established words whi
  1 KB (157 words) - 14:57, 20 May 2013
• Central Saamic
  ...constitutes the northern branch of [[Western Saamic|Western]] [[Saamic]]. It is further divided into the western group ([[Pite Saami]] and [[Lule Saami] It agrees with [[Southern Saamic]] in the following (western) features:
  859 bytes (124 words) - 14:25, 30 January 2013
• Recoverability of deletion
  ...only if it is fully determined by a structurally related [[phrase]], or if it is a 'designated element'. Part of the recoverability condition is subsumed
  568 bytes (78 words) - 08:33, 28 September 2014
• Clausal complement
  ...ecause the fact that it is a [[clause]] is more salient than the fact that it is a [[complement]].
  344 bytes (49 words) - 17:12, 20 September 2014
• Imperative
  (i) Tell me about it. 'Tell (you) me now how it is'
  563 bytes (80 words) - 03:38, 18 May 2009
• Wizard of Oz
  ...help to define a vocabulary, a grammar and a dialogue model. Furthermore, it can point out possible problems at an early stage. The WOZ technique can he # It must be possible to simulate the future system, given human limitations.
  1 KB (204 words) - 15:53, 7 September 2014
• Floating quantifier
  ...ting quantifier''' is a [[quantifier]] that is not immediately near the NP it quantifies. French ''tous'' (all) is the exemplary case: ...'les étudiants'' it quantifies, but in (i)b ''tous'' has 'floated' off, as it were, into the sentence. Sportiche (1988) has claimed that ''tous'' in exam
  894 bytes (131 words) - 08:26, 20 August 2019
• Fuzzy logic model of perception
  ...oes not imply that people have a special [[module]] for processing speech. It claims that categorical perception can be understood as a problem of classi
  651 bytes (98 words) - 17:05, 29 June 2014
• Tautology
  ...le denotation of the variables and individual and predicate constants that it contains. The formula All(x) [ P(x) v Neg P(x) ] is a tautology of predicat
  946 bytes (151 words) - 07:12, 17 August 2014
• Pronoun of laziness
  ...a copy of its antecedent (x's hat), rather than being co-referential with it. Full implementation of this analysis by means of [[lambda-abstraction]] is
  1 KB (189 words) - 19:12, 27 September 2014
• Allomorphy
  ...tive forms depending on the phonological or morphological context in which it appears. In another type of allomorphy, the realization of a [[morpheme]] i ...and probable, but when the noun-forming suffix ''-ity'' is attached to it it is pronounced as /ɪbil/ (''possibility'', ''probability'').
  1 KB (154 words) - 17:10, 15 June 2014
• Contact assimilation vs. distant assimilation
  ...' (spelled quinque). When distant assimilation applies over an entire word it is called [[harmony]] (e.g. [[vowel harmony]], [[nasal harmony]]).
  652 bytes (80 words) - 19:19, 22 June 2014
• Vacuous Movement Hypothesis
  ...[[movement]] is blocked unless it affects the (linear) order of the string it applies to.
  727 bytes (100 words) - 08:53, 30 August 2014
• Subordinating conjunction
  ...ing conjunction''' is an older term for [[subordinator]]. (In older usage, it can be defined as a [[conjunction (i.e. connective)|conjunction]] that mark The reason this term was largely given up by linguists is that it was felt that [[subordinator]]s and [[coordinator]]s do not really form a n
  613 bytes (85 words) - 15:40, 27 July 2014
• Classifier
  ...asurement (e.g. ''nián'' 'year'), it must be preceded by a classifier when it occurs with a numeral or a demonstrative.
  789 bytes (108 words) - 18:34, 22 June 2014
• Article
  ...o investigate whether the marker can occur independently or not, if it can it is most likely a pronoun and not an article. Articles can be homophoneous w
  2 KB (263 words) - 17:03, 20 September 2014
• Edward Sapir
  *Italian [[Edward Sapir (it)]]
  80 bytes (9 words) - 18:51, 28 June 2014
• Corpus planning
  ...(1969): It refers to modifications in vocabulary, grammar, or writing, and it contrasts with [[status planning]].
  648 bytes (88 words) - 16:57, 30 January 2013
• Suffix
  ...]]) which attaches at the righthand side of a [[base]], i.e. which follows it.
  1 KB (164 words) - 16:14, 9 June 2009
• Complementary
  ...it cannot have property ''Q'', and if ''x'' does not have property ''P'', it has property ''Q'':
  695 bytes (91 words) - 18:56, 22 June 2014
• Acoustics
  '''Acoustics''' is the study of sound waves. It is properly a subfield of physics, but is also key to the linguistic specia ...he [[vocal tract]] produce all of the [[speech sounds]] of human language. It also allows us to analyse those sounds based on audio recordings.
  802 bytes (118 words) - 18:46, 2 June 2015
• Sememic stratum
  ...It may also be the highest level for various other modalities. Certainly it is connected with the system for visual perception and other kinds of perce ...the sememic system, such as subtypes of "red" and the supertype "color". It is also directly connected to a point in the visual system where we have th
  3 KB (395 words) - 06:08, 8 October 2017
• Substratum
  ...over some (especially phonological and syntactic) structural properties to it.
  697 bytes (93 words) - 15:51, 27 July 2014
• Exclamative sentence
  ...side [[declarative sentence|declarative]] and [[interrogative sentence]]s. It is very likely that there are also languages without a special class of exc ...tences in that they use [[interrogative pronoun]]s, e.g. English ''How big it is!''
  756 bytes (97 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2014
• Theta Criterion
  ...sition contains an argument. If the theta-criterion is defined over [[LF]] it says that each theta-position is in a unique [[chain]], and that each chain (i) a it seems that John is ill
  2 KB (282 words) - 09:34, 17 August 2014
• Lexicalization (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...is unnecessary for the meaning of "happiness" to be in any way idiomatic: It is repeated use rather than degree of idiomaticity that determines presence ...rk|network]] (or wider cognitive network) is used, the easier it is to use it again: "The pathways of the brain are like pathways through a meadow or fie
  2 KB (354 words) - 20:28, 31 October 2017
• Pretence
  ...e elaborate versions, pretending to be a certain type of person performing it)." (WIlson 2006: 1734)
  691 bytes (97 words) - 11:56, 24 May 2009
• Speaker's reference
  ...r chooses it to be, as distinguished from the [[semantic reference]], that it has in virtue of its [[meaning]]. Kripke (1977) argued that [[referential n
  846 bytes (117 words) - 07:44, 4 November 2014
• Sound change typology
  For a certain type of change, we can observe in which languages it occurred, and collections of attested sound changes then may show how frequ It occurred, e.g., in the history of most Iranian languages, Middle Indo-Aryan
  836 bytes (127 words) - 08:44, 10 August 2014
• Linguistic information system
  ...guistic system operates, e.g. for speaking and understanding, and (2) that it has been acquired and is further expandable, adaptable, and otherwise chang ...prescribed by some pre-existing linguistic theory, and certainly not that it is genetically determined by a language gene.
  4 KB (600 words) - 06:06, 8 October 2017
• Binding
  ...hat an element is coindexed with its antecedent which c-commands it, hence it is bound by the antecedent.
  1 KB (191 words) - 00:25, 5 August 2021
• Agent
  ...of an event is the entity that brings about an event and has control over it. ...encoded as a [[subject]] (in the nominative case); in ergative languages, it is associated with a special case, the [[ergative]]. Irrespective of the [[
  1 KB (185 words) - 09:47, 14 June 2014
• Open syllable
  ...a short or long vowel. The [[rhyme]] of an open syllable does not branch, it only contains the [[nucleus]] (or, alternatively, peak). The English words
  857 bytes (131 words) - 17:07, 18 July 2014
• Latin
  ...of languages sprode around Europe, these are called [[Romance languages]]. It is a highly [[inflection|inflected]] language. Latin alphabet is the most used writing system in the world. It origins can be traced back to the early Greek [[alphabet]].
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:15, 9 August 2014
• Exponent
  In Generative Grammar, especially a branch of it, namely Distributed Morphology, ''exponent'' refers to the phonological for
  179 bytes (26 words) - 12:51, 13 October 2021
• Concept (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...basic structures are so fundamental that they could just as well have made it possible for him to learn other concepts that he might have had to learn if
  1 KB (203 words) - 02:10, 15 October 2017
• Sentence topic vs. discourse topic
  ...eally didn't want to leave, but he couldn't afford the rent, you know. And it had such a nice garden in the back!'' In the example, the discourse topic is established in the first sentence: it is ''Mike's house''. In the following sentence, a new "local" topic is esta
  738 bytes (125 words) - 18:20, 28 June 2014
• Neurocognitive linguistics
  ** The operations which make it possible for people to produce and understand speech. ...lev, but they only proposed it as a point of view, never demonstrated that it could actually work.
  3 KB (495 words) - 06:17, 8 October 2017
• Language (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  "Language" is just a term of English. It may be interesting to take note of the fact that many of what English calls ...nguage is not only unobservable, it is not a physical object of any kind. It can be regarded as a very abstract object or as a logical construct, or as
  2 KB (313 words) - 19:14, 28 January 2018
• Gender (grammar)
  ...in -''a'' it is feminine (e.g. ''lampa'' 'lamp'), and if it ends in -''o'' it is neuter (e.g. ''okno'' 'window'). Some languages only distinguish two gen
  2 KB (295 words) - 16:55, 21 August 2014
• Allophone
  ...n 'spin', finally, as in 'cap', or followed by a consonant, as in 'print', it will not have this aspiration.
  1 KB (224 words) - 15:12, 3 August 2014
• Super raising
  ...subject raising, (ii) is impossible, since the subject position taken by ''it'' is skipped in moving ''Vitesse'' to the subject position of ''seems''. (ii) *Vitesse seems [that it is certain [t to win]]
  970 bytes (136 words) - 08:06, 16 August 2014
• Synonymy
  '''Synonymy''' is a [[sense relation]]. It holds between two [[word]]s or [[phrase]]s with the same [[meaning]], like
  339 bytes (46 words) - 08:42, 16 August 2014
• Line (in relational network theory)
  ...thway going through a field or a jungle, the more it gets used, the easier it is to use the next time.
  1 KB (234 words) - 06:13, 8 October 2017
• Grammatical
  ...[anomaly]] or that it is intelligible by native speakers of that language. It only refers to the compliance with underlying syntactic rules. Grammaticali
  976 bytes (139 words) - 17:43, 29 June 2014
• Instrument
  '''Instrument''' is a [[semantic relation]]. It is used for an inanimate entity with the help of which a given action is ca
  238 bytes (38 words) - 20:09, 4 July 2014
• Pied piping
  ...s moved, it can optionally 'drag along' a larger [[NP]] or [[PP]] in which it is contained.
  1 KB (174 words) - 15:55, 5 March 2011
• Conducton aphasia
  ...son having a disconnection between sound patterns and the production area. It is caused by damage to the arcuate fasciculus.
  275 bytes (42 words) - 19:17, 22 June 2014
• Subject
  ...It is the answer to the questions ‘who’ and ‘what’ in the clause. Thereby it says about whom the sentence is made. The subject agrees with the verb in n
  963 bytes (153 words) - 13:10, 13 May 2016
• Semantic mirage
  ...stics)|lexeme]] stands for just one thing, ruling out the possibility that it might have different senses in different contexts. ...an object that is an integral whole, even if closer examination would show it to be a relatively haphazard collection of diverse phenomena.
  1 KB (152 words) - 06:09, 8 October 2017
• Occurrence
  ...'' is a type of situation (or state of affairs) which is [[dynamic]], i.e. it is associated with (physical, temporal etc.) change. ...sive aspect denotes the continuation of an action and with accomplishments it refers to the “preparatory process leading towards the culmination of the
  1 KB (158 words) - 16:59, 18 July 2014
• Syntactic relation
  ...ion''' is a relation holding between a [[constituent]] and the clause that it forms part of.
  267 bytes (35 words) - 16:17, 27 July 2014
• Global aphasia
  Global aphasia is aphasia which affects all language functions. It is caused by damage to all of the langauge processing components which are
  250 bytes (36 words) - 17:29, 29 June 2014
• Caused motion construction
  ...onstruction''' (omitting the subject, which Lamb does not consider part of it) is a [[construction (in neurocognitive linguistics)|construction]] that ca ...e", etc. Here, <MOVE> represents any action that can cause motion, and so it permits any verb that can be so construed, even "sneeze", to impart motion
  1 KB (158 words) - 02:09, 15 October 2017
• Surface dyslexia
  Surface dyslexia is often the result of temporal lobe damage. It causes the subject to have to carefully sound out each word. This results i
  285 bytes (44 words) - 13:27, 25 July 2010
• Voiceless
  A [[speech sound]] is called '''voiceless''' if it is pronounced with open [[vocal folds]] so that air from the lungs can free
  274 bytes (38 words) - 19:37, 2 August 2014
• Scope
  ...May (1977) states that "the scope of a quantifier phi is everything which it c-commands" (meaning: at LF). Thus, if the relevant syntactic level of repr
  2 KB (276 words) - 15:55, 5 October 2014
• Lexeme (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...internal representation of the lexeme. Note that whenever it is activated it activates the rest of the functional web -- connections to meaning nodes an ...nnected. Every lexeme has its connection to the grammatical tactics. And it connects downwards to expression in some cases as a simple connection; for
  4 KB (712 words) - 06:35, 8 October 2017
• Language Science Press
  Language Science Press is an imprint based on the idea of Open Access. It was initiated in 2012 by [[Stefan Müller]] and [[Martin Haspelmath]].
  387 bytes (55 words) - 17:06, 6 July 2014
• Crash
  ...''' is a notion in the [[Minimalist Program]]. A [[derivation]] crashes if it does not [[converge]].
  355 bytes (44 words) - 18:06, 20 September 2014
• Properness
  ...er NP. A proper quantifier denotation Q is also called a ''sieve'' because it only lets through those VP denotations that together with Q make a true sen
  1 KB (170 words) - 19:13, 27 September 2014
• Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense
  ...ctic time is usually the moment of utterance. Under specific circumstances it can be shifted to the ‘decoding time’: * it is a past tense because it is used when T_r <T_o;
  4 KB (599 words) - 18:20, 27 March 2011
• Language planning
  The term has been around since the 1960s. It seems that it arose in connection with policy decisions in newly independent Asian and Af
  1 KB (155 words) - 16:56, 30 January 2013
• Tough-movement
  ...ase of [[improper movement]], or as a [[binding]] violation. As a solution it has been proposed that ''John'' in (i) is an argument of the adjective ''ea ...exed with ''John''. Easy to confuse with [[though-movement]] though it is, it is different.
  2 KB (278 words) - 19:17, 29 August 2014
• Exocentric compound
  ...ss'' does not refer to a behind which is smart but to a person who is know-it-all smart. An alternative term used for such compounds is [[bahuvrihi compo
  1 KB (190 words) - 22:34, 18 December 2013
• Timbre
  ...ed and having the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar. Put more simply, it relates to the '''sound quality''' of the segment.
  438 bytes (64 words) - 09:45, 17 August 2014
• Association for Linguistic Typology
  ...rganization of linguists with a special interest in [[language typology]]. It was founded in 1993.
  319 bytes (40 words) - 09:06, 1 June 2014
• Borrowing (i.e. copying)
  ...opies)''' an element from a language Y (the [[donor language]]) means that it comes to include this element into its own system. ...ructure of a group's native language from the external language with which it is in contact. This kind of influence is referred to as "borrowing"."'' (Wi
  3 KB (454 words) - 17:05, 9 September 2009
• Compositionality
  ...t. The meaning of a complex form is said to be '(fully) compositional' iff it can be derived in accordance with the [[Compositionality Principle]].
  311 bytes (49 words) - 18:58, 22 June 2014
• Truncation
  ...' is a morphological [[operation]] by which one [[morpheme]] is deleted if it is internal to another [[suffix]]. ...es this problem by allowing for a truncation rule that deletes -''ate'' if it is followed by -''ee'', as in (ii):
  2 KB (265 words) - 08:03, 30 August 2014
• Tactic pattern
  [[Stratificational grammar]] defined its term "tactics" after Hockett. It has the same Greek root as ''syntax'', referring to arrangements. He said ...neously functions as topic and agent -- it will have an upward AND linking it to the two functions. Or, in "Harry kicked himself," there is a third line
  2 KB (395 words) - 06:10, 8 October 2017
• Extrametricality
  ...ommonly: [[metrical]]) [[phonological rule]]; that is, it is treated as if it were not there. Hayes (1982) argues that extrametricality can be assigned b
  2 KB (266 words) - 18:55, 22 June 2019
• Reading (semantics)
  If an expression has two (or more) '''readings''', it has two (or more) logically distinct [[interpretation]]s. If two expression
  361 bytes (51 words) - 08:25, 28 September 2014
• Weather verb
  ...is a predicate either without an argument or with a quasi-argument (cf. ''it rains'').
  458 bytes (61 words) - 18:15, 4 September 2014
• Cooperative Principle
  ...our conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which ...cean maxims|Maxims]] (of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner) and used it to explain conversational implicatures.
  1 KB (188 words) - 03:35, 18 May 2009
• Oral cavity
  ...''mouth'', is the resonating chamber between the [[pharynx]] and the lips. It is the final resonating chamber of the [[vocal tract]].
  338 bytes (44 words) - 18:55, 21 September 2014
• NP
  This abbreviation is so frequent that it is often not explained in linguists' work. When talking about noun phrases,
  341 bytes (49 words) - 18:34, 21 September 2014
• Nominative case (citation form)
  ...nominative'' (Latin ''nominativus'', Greek ''onomastikée'' 'naming form'). It is especially common in Caucasian linguistics, which have [[ergative constr ...e constitutive function is just to ''name'' — lat. ''nominare'' — objects. It is the only case that is normally used out of any syntactic context: as a l
  1 KB (179 words) - 17:52, 12 June 2014
• Maxim of quality
  It is one of the four conversational maxims of the cooperative principles. The
  372 bytes (48 words) - 12:35, 13 July 2014
• Finite vs. nonfinite
  ...er specifications (like the Portuguese [[conjugated infinitive]]), or when it lacks person-number but has tense. ...pair was apparently created on the basis of the older term ''infinitive''. It has been in use only since the 19th century. An early use is in Murray (179
  2 KB (256 words) - 16:33, 14 October 2015
• Kildin Saami morphology
  ...: kuesʼk} in the paradigm in Table \ref{noun}) or vowel ablaut (like in {\it jēllʼe : jīllʼe} in the paradigm in Table \ref{verb}). Consonant gradat ...1st person singular, occur only in a few lexicalized kinship nouns (e.g. {\it jānna} ‘my mother, mommy’).
  4 KB (678 words) - 15:43, 6 July 2014
• Head movement constraint
  (i) An X⁰ may only move into the Y0 which properly governs it Recently, it has been argued that the HMC can be derived from more general principles, s
  1 KB (204 words) - 20:20, 3 July 2014
• Masculine
  This word is from Latin ''masculinus'' 'male'. It is attested in English since the 14th century and probably goes back to ant
  402 bytes (58 words) - 12:42, 13 July 2014
• Tarski's truth definition
  to understand a proposition means to know what is the case if it is true. It has the following general form:
  1 KB (186 words) - 07:11, 17 August 2014
• Absolute
  ...icate]]s (or [[predicate term]]s). A predicate is said to be 'absolute' if it can be interpreted without taking a complement. The term 'absolute' contras
  353 bytes (48 words) - 17:01, 18 June 2014
• Theme (vs. rheme)
  The term '''theme''' is an older term for [[topic]]. It is often used in contrast with [[rheme]] (see [[theme and rheme]]).
  302 bytes (45 words) - 16:56, 27 July 2014
• Endangered Languages Academic Programme
  ...emic programme at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] (London). It is a part of the [[HRELP]].
  371 bytes (48 words) - 18:20, 20 September 2014
• Homography
  ...when a set of words are spelled identically, but have different meanings. It is not necessary for homographic words to be pronounced the same way, which
  431 bytes (55 words) - 22:25, 27 July 2010
• Homophony
  ...en a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings. It is not necessary for homophonic words to be spelled the same way, which is
  459 bytes (52 words) - 22:29, 27 July 2010
• VP raising
  ...e it is triggered by verbs that also trigger [[Verb raising]], and because it induces [[IPP]].
  1 KB (204 words) - 10:45, 31 August 2014
• Dative alternation
  The indirect object structure is also referred to as NP PP structure as it consists of a nounphrase (NP) and a prepositional phrase (PP). The double-object structure is referred to as NP NP structure as it consists of two nounphrases.
  1 KB (186 words) - 15:15, 30 September 2009
• Steady state
  ...h [[formant]]s are "steady", i.e. they do not move. In a CVC [[syllable]], it is that part of the vowel after the formant [[transition]] from the first C
  405 bytes (66 words) - 11:18, 9 November 2014
• C-command
  ...B (cf. (i)c). X1 in (ii) is not relevant to (i)c: although it dominates B, it does not dominate A. ...'. By the same token the [[P]] ''in'' c-commands the [[NP]] ''the store''; it does not c-command the V'₁ ''buy the book'', nor the V and the N
  4 KB (577 words) - 17:28, 21 June 2014
• Suspended affixation
  this particular case. In contrast, in English it does make a difference whether you suspend or don't in cases like Nikolaus Finck in his ''Die Haupttypen des Sprachbaus'' (1910), where it is
  1 KB (185 words) - 12:09, 19 November 2009
• Dominance
  Also, node C in (ii) does not dominate the nodes B, D, or E, nor is it dominated by either of these nodes. Furthermore, node A ''immediately'' dom ...ximal projection of X, being dominated by the topmost node XP². It is said then, that ZP is not ''excluded'' from XP. Exclusion is defined in
  4 KB (660 words) - 16:20, 3 August 2014
• Trace theory
  ...assumes that if an element X has been moved in the course of a derivation, it has left a [[trace]] in its original position. Since [[theta-marking]] occurs at d-structure, it is possible to determine the thematic role of the moved NP via its trace. T
  1 KB (205 words) - 19:46, 29 August 2014
• Relational network
  ...ther. If we draw a diagram of a particular linguistic structure, parts of it look something like a net which would be used for fishing, although a good ...mbination of symbols, we analyze its relationships to other units to which it is related. For example, morphemes are somehow related to elements of phono
  5 KB (717 words) - 06:14, 8 October 2017
• Substitution
  ...egory alpha to an empty position beta such that beta is replaced by alpha. It is one of two possible formats of movement rules, the other being [[adjunct
  475 bytes (67 words) - 08:09, 16 August 2014
• Table of coreference
  ...Jackendoff (1972) uses to indicate the anaphoric relations in a sentence. It states for each pair of referring phrases in the sentence whether they are
  545 bytes (72 words) - 07:10, 17 August 2014
• Blend
  It can therefore be descroibed as an improductive type of word formation by wh ...may be defined as two or more words, often of cognate sense, telescoped as it were into one."'' (Pound 1914:1)
  2 KB (291 words) - 17:12, 24 July 2014
• Restructuring
  In (i) it would be impossible to move the object ''queste case'' from the embedded cl (I) it-will come at-once to see
  2 KB (335 words) - 17:14, 28 September 2014
• Infix
  ...answer is ‘no.’ True, ''-al'' occurs inside a complex word, but crucially it does not occur inside another morpheme." (Plag 2003:11) ..., the morphemic analysis of past verb forms in Arabic is more complex than it might overtly seem were we to add [[gender]] as yet a third morpheme.
  2 KB (308 words) - 21:47, 23 February 2013
• Eliyunint/test
  What's the difference with jargon and is it actually the same?
  452 bytes (67 words) - 13:49, 8 May 2024
• Thyroid
  ...lages, which its sides enclose, and superior to the [[cricoid]] cartilage. It forms an angle in the front that is more acute in men (90 degrees) than in
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• Quantity-(in)sensitivity
  ...[[parameter]]s that define [[stress system]]s, introduced by Hayes (1981). It reflects the role of [[syllable weigh]]t in assigning stress [[feet]]. In a ...light: co:nfíci&lt;unt&gt;; the penultimate syllable is stressed only if it is heavy: pepér&lt;ci:&gt; (cf. Hayes (1991:80).
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• Thetic vs. categorical
  *(Why aren't you playing outside?) It's raining. ...made popular in linguistics by Kuroda 1972 and Sasse 1987. Kuroda adopted it from the philosopher Brentano.
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• Presupposition
  A: It is John who is taking care of Mary -A: It isn't John who is taking care of Mary
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• General linguistics
  ...general, disregarding the differences between different languages (in this it contrasts with [[descriptive linguistics]]).
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• Assimilation
  ...egment]] causes another [[segment]] to become phonetically more similar to it in some way. ...uring labial segment [p]. When assimilation takes place between two vowels it is more commonly referred to as [[vowel harmony]].
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• Dativization
  ...ovement]]. A verb is said to be ''dativizable'' (especially in English) if it can undergo dative movement.
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• Construction (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...sh it away" or "push it off", acquired first as a lexeme, and then to make it mutable by substituting other constituents for one of these three. Later,
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• Dative case
  The term ''dative'' goes back to antiquity. It is derived from Latin ''(cāsus) datīvus'' 'case of giving' (cf. ''dare''
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• That-trace effect
  ...howing the ''that''-t(race) effect, a [[subject]] cannot be extracted when it follows ''that''. This is shown by the contrast in (i) and (ii). As noted, the ''that''-t effect is not a universal phenomenon. It is absent in e.g. [[Dutch]], as shown by the fact that the Dutch translatio
  2 KB (245 words) - 08:54, 17 August 2014
• Polar question
  ...r question''' is a [[question]] that only allows a 'yes' or a 'no' answer. It is most often opposed to a [[content question]], which has to be answered b
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• Language
  ...on above, and the way in which they are normally acquired could change, as it has in the case of Hebrew, which for centuries was acquired more like Sansk ...s Basque or Japanese were also created in this way. What is crucial is how it is used, and Esperanto is used very much like other languages. The term "na
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• Animacy
  ...ronoun (what/who), case endings, word order, or the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun. French: animéité
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• Airstream
  ...e sounds are produced with a closed larynx moving up, pushing air ahead of it. ...aralinguistic|paralinguistically]] in some cultures [ref needed]. However, it is never used [[phonemic contrast|contrastively]], and so the IPA does not
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• Descriptive meaning
  ...nly concerns the relationship between a given sign and its [[denotation]]. It contrasts with [[non-descriptive meaning]], which concerns attitudes held b
  565 bytes (70 words) - 13:34, 14 June 2009
• Structural ambiguity
  ...ds. The expression ''old men and women'' is structurally ambiguous because it has the following two structural analyses:
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• Persevatory assimilation
  '''Persevatory assimilation''' is a process of [[assimilation]], it is also called 'carry-over assimilation' or 'progressive assimilation'.
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• Lexicon
  ...r [[lexical entry|lexical entries]] (also [[lexical item]]s, [[lexeme]]s). It contains information about (a) the [[pronunciation]], (b) the [[meaning]], The term 'lexicon' ambiguous insofar as it is used both for a 'mental lexicon' as the representation of lexical knowle
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• Visibility condition
  ...ondition which states that an element must be [[Case-marked]] in order for it to be visible for [[theta-marking]] (which in turn is required by the [[the
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• Truth table
  ...lex [[propositional formula]] can be represented. By means of truth tables it is possible to define the [[connective]]s of [[propositional logic]]. See [
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• Natural language
  ...mathematics or logic or [[programming language]]s are important. Sometimes it is also used in contrast to [[artificial language]]s such as Esperanto, alt
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• Closed syllable
  ...[rhyme]] of a closed syllable branches: besides the [[nucleus]] (or peak), it also contains a [[coda]]. The English words ''cat'' [kat], ''mice'' [maɪs
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• Innovative
  An '''innovative''' descendant of a language is one that is dissimilar to it, compared to its other descendants.
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• Attribute (as predicate nominal)
  ...syntactic relation of a predicative noun phrase or adjective phrase, i.e. it corresponds to the term [[predicate nominal]] that is more widespread in En
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• Homonymy
  The Dutch word ''bank'' is homonymous, since it can refer to (a) a couch, and (b) a bank. Equivalent to [[ambiguity]].
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• Concatenation (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...e with an incoming line A above it, and two outgoing lines, B and C, below it.
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• S-selection
  ...diate context through its [[argument structure]], i.e. the [[theta-role]]s it assigns. This is called s(emantic)-selection. ...ction, the conditions imposed in terms of categorical features (e.g. N,V). It is a point of debate whether and to what extent c-selection can be derived
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• Split antecedent
  [[PRO]] refers to both Peter and Mary. It is said that PRO has the two NPs ''Peter'' and ''Mary'' as a split antecede
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• Reanalysis (in diachrony)
  ...aning different from the speaker. Whereas reanalysis is [[covert]] in that it occurs in the minds of listeners, analysis is [[overt]], and provides the d
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• Alveolar ridge
  ...the [[mouth]] separating the [[palate|hard palate]] from the upper teeth. It can be felt as a region of small ridges between the back of the teeth and t
  509 bytes (74 words) - 19:57, 24 July 2010
• Reiterant speech
  ...ished from the prosodic characteristics. The use of reiterant speech makes it possible to abstract away from (co-) intrinsic characteristics. Instead of
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• L-marking
  ...y]] and thus in that of a [[barrier]]. Roughly, a category is L-marked iff it is theta-marked by a lexical head. This definition entails that it is not only the theta-marked category itself which can be L-marked, but als
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• Top-down
  ...to [[bottom-up]] information, covers all types of non-sensory information. It covers knowledge of the world, context information, but also knowledge abou
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• Theta-government
  ...tion in which a [[governor]] [[theta-marking|theta-marks]] the phrase that it governs, formally defined as in (i).
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• Bounded/unbounded
  It fixes the number of syllables of a [[foot]] as either two (bounded) or inde
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• Morpheme
  ...ibute some sort of meaning, or a grammatical function to the word to which it belongs, and (b) cannot itself be decomposed into smaller morphemes. ...term ''morpheme'' was coined by [[Jan Baudouin de Courtenay]] in c. 1880. It is based on Greek ''morph-'' 'form' and the suffix -eme, on the analogy of
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• Descriptive adequacy
  ...tic theories]]. A theory attains a higher level of descriptive adequacy if it can handle more natural language data from more languages.
  516 bytes (70 words) - 18:06, 28 June 2014
• Declarative sentence
  (i) is a declarative sentence because we can assign it a truth value (e.g., in the actual world sentence (i) is not true).
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• Strength
  ...se in every model, D is negative strong (''Neither dog is a dog''); and if it is true depending on the domain, D is weak (''At least two dogs are dogs''
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• Complementarity
  ...that do not overlap, i.e. they have no element in common. In linguistics, it is used with a variety of more specific meanings:
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• Adfix
  ...ority of affixes are adfixes, there is little practical use for this term. It occurs primarily in the discussion of infixation, where infixes need to be
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• Variable (Semantics)
  ...on of a [[logical language]] which is used as a place-holder in a formula. It does not have a specific [[reference]] but stands for an unspecified value.
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• Quantisation noise
  ...continuous [[signal]] at all posible points in time. The best way to avoid it is to use a large number of amplitude steps. The amplitude of quantisation
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• Eastern Saamic
  '''Eastern Saamic''' constitutes the eastern branch of [[Saamic]]. It can be subdivided into the [[Mainland_Eastern_Saamic|mainland group]] (with
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• Western Saamic
  Western [[Saamic]] is the western branch of [[Saamic]]. It is further divided into [[Southern Saamic]] and [[Central Saamic]].
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• Anomaly
  It is unclear whether anomaly is a linguistic phenomenon. However, [[grammatic
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• Foreignism
  ...ecipient language]] at all and that is not (yet) perceived as belonging to it fully. Thus, a foreignism can be said to be intermediate between an establi
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• Topic
  ...s [[given]] in the [[discourse]], the comment is [[new information]] about it. The topic is thus the part of the proposition that is being talked about ( It was ''the little girl'' that the dog bit.
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• Minimal pair
  It is important to note that, despite the denotational meaning of ''pair'', mi
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• Error analysis
  '''Error analysis''' is a branch of [[applied linguistics]]. It is concerned with the compilation, study and analysis of [[errors]] made by ...language learners discover the [[target language]] by hypothesizing about it and testing their hypotheses more or less like children do. This process do
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• Subordinator
  ...a clause and indicates the [[subordinate]] status of the clause marked by it. In addition, subordinators often give information about the semantic kind
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• Acquired dyslexia
  It is an umbrella term for many specific forms of [[dyslexia]] which can be ca
  703 bytes (104 words) - 13:00, 2 March 2018
• Nection
  ...nodes (or the plural side of a node with a boundary of a network at which it interfaces with structure outside the network) may be called an ''external * Any other line is an ''internal line''. It follows that any internal line has at least one end connecting to the singu
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• Stop
  ...er of articulation]], a [[consonant]] where air is held back when uttering it.
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• Strict identity
  ...efer to the same item as the antecedent anaphora (''strict identity''), or it can refer to an analogous item ([[sloppy identity]]).
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• Adverb
  ...s ''quickly'', or ''probably'', can also modify [[VP]]s, or [[sentence]]s. It has been proposed that adverbs form a distinct category, ADV, because - unl
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• Topic-comment-distinction
  ...the thing that is talked about (''the [[topic]]'') and what is said about it (''the [[comment]]''). In simple sentences this distinction coincides with
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• Inchoative
  ...ill eat his lunch in an hour'': the inchoative reading is the one in which it will take an hour before John is to eat his lunch.
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• Partial assimilation vs. total assimilation
  ...adopts all the phonetic features of another sound and becomes identical to it (e.g. Latin ''se'''p'''tem'' 'seven' > Italian ''se'''t'''te''). An assimil
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• Vibrato
  ...dulation]] superimposed upon the [[pitch]] [[frequency]] of the note sung. It also requires a small [[intensity]] [[modulation]] of a few [[decibel]]s. O
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• Adpositional phrase
  ...re more common. Since [[PP]] is used as an abbreviation for both of these, it is also used as an abbreviation for ''adpositional phrase'' (and of course
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• Context dependence
  ...at the interpretation of an expression depends on the [[context]] in which it is used.
  635 bytes (96 words) - 03:35, 18 May 2009
• Binarity
  ...inarity is a property of a [[feature]]. A feature is said to be binary iff it can take only one of two [[value]]s. For example, the lexical feature [conc
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• Extension
  ...oncept, idea, or [[sign (semiotics)|sign]] consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its [[comprehension (logic)|comprehension]] or [[
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• Word
  ...logical objects which consitute the domain for lexical phonological rules. It is particularly striking that these three uses of the notion 'word' are not ...and a clitic may function as a phonological word, although morphologically it is a clitic group consisting of a morphological word and a clitic.
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• Sandbox
  This page is for trying out text and formatting, to see how it looks, to study, etc. Don't expect anything you do here to last.
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• Paradigmatic relation
  ...f the same category, i.e. elements that can be substituted for each other. It contrasts with [[syntagmatic relation]], which applies to relations holding
  785 bytes (101 words) - 06:35, 11 July 2019
• Subjunctive
  It must that he be_SUBJ capable
  696 bytes (104 words) - 07:12, 16 August 2014
• Tail-head linkage
  ...only displays THL in instructional texts (recipes, rituals, etc.), usually it needs to occur in more different types of text in order to be classified as
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• Base (in Cognitive Grammar)
  ...lement (designatum) is the figure and the base is the ground against which it is construed. ...The designatum of CHILD is part of the base of PARENT, and vice versa, but it is not designated when viewed from that window.
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• McGurk effect
  ...al illusion that has become known as the McGurk effect or McGurk illusion. It is the effect experienced when a subject's perception of a speech sound is
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• Scrambling
  ...ersy is whether scrambling is a case of movement (of NP) and if so whether it is [[A-bar movement]] or not.
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• Light syllable
  ...is a [[syllable]] whose [[syllable weight|weight]] is one [[mora]]. Thus it is an [[open syllable]] which contains a short vowel. The English word ''c
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• Case Assignment Conditions
  ...expression is assigned case by the closest case-assigner which c-commands it (in consequence of the Earliness Principle) and is assigned<br>
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• Linguistic activity
  '''Linguistic activity''' includes, first, speaking and comprehending. It also includes writing and reading, as well as thinking; not all thinking, b
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• Semantic typology
  ...languages differ in categorizing experience into concepts. In other words, it is the study of meaning ([[semantics]]) using the cross-linguistic methodol
  751 bytes (94 words) - 12:42, 26 July 2014
• Noise
  White noise has a uniform spectrum, which means that it has equally intense components at every audible frequency. Noise has no eff
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• Talking machines
  ...o imitate human speech production is the [[Von Kempelen talking machine]]. It is also a good example of [[analysis-by-synthesis]] : the product of the sy
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• Result nominal
  ...[[nominal]] which denotes the result of the action denoted by the [[verb]] it is [[derivation|derived]] from.
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• Impersonal construction
  ...ith an [[expletive subject]] (e.g. ''it is raining'', Russian ''svetaet'' 'it dawns')
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• Motherese
  ...form of a special speech variety called Motherese (or, as the French call it, Mamanaise): intensive sessions of conversational give-and-take, with repet ...fathers, other adults, and children. Baby talk is also inadequate because it is used in the literature in a negative sense as a form of language which u
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• Affix
  ...attached affix (be it in-, pre, circum- or post-) is so formally weak that it harmonises with the root.
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• Resultative
  (ii) They talked [him ''out of it'']
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• Wh-question
  The term appears to have been common only since the 1960s. It is based on the equally new term [[wh-word]] (or [[wh-pronoun]]).
  933 bytes (121 words) - 15:38, 10 June 2009
• Double articulation
  ...ulation''' is often pointed out as a crucial property of natural language. It refers to the fact that the minimal meaningful units of natural language ar
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• Sound change
  If a sound change is a general phenomenon, it is called a [[sound law]] or a [[phonetical rule]]. Exceptions to the law o
  778 bytes (111 words) - 14:57, 27 July 2014
• Theta-role
  ...role''' is the semantic relationship of an [[argument]] with the predicate it is an argument of is expressed through the assignment of a role by the pred
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• Template morphology
  ...term which is used for systems of [[nonconcatenative morphology]] in which it is difficult or impossible to analyze the formation of complex [[word]]s as
  906 bytes (127 words) - 07:17, 17 August 2014
• Feature specification defaults
  ...participle) will not be freely instantiated in any lexical category; i.e. it has to be licenced by an ID-rule or an lexical entry.
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• Dissociative attitude
  ...erance or thought ..., based on some perceived discrepancy between the way it represents the world and and the way things actually are ..." (Wilson 2006:
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• Descriptive linguistics
  ...linguistics is sometimes contrasted with [[theoretical linguistics]], but it would seem that the better contrast is with [[general linguistics]]. Descri
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• Predication
  ...' is a relation between a predicate and a (set of) argument(s). In syntax, it is often used for the relation between a [[subject]] and a [[predicate]]. T
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• Maximal Onset Principle
  ...Principle''' is a principle determining underlying [[syllable division]]. It states that intervocalic [[consonants]] are maximally assigned to the onset
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• Structure-changing rule
  ...cular environment, say word final, this rule will be structure-changing if it changes [-son, +voice] into [-son, -voice].
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• Stratificational ordering
  ...f structure. These may be thought of as existing on top of one another, as it were. In a stratificational framework one views the entire structure as pre
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• Subcategorization frame
  ...[[subcategorization|strict subcategorization]] frame of the verb ''hit''. It says that the pseudo-transitive verb ''hit'' optionally (indicated by the p
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• Universe of discourse
  ...can be all human beings (and the sentence is most certainly not true), or it may be a restricted set of human beings (and the sentence may very well be
  819 bytes (130 words) - 16:51, 24 August 2014
• LP-rule
  ...rec</math> ''Y'' states that category ''X'' has to precede category ''Y''. It licenses all local trees containing a daughter labelled ''X'' and a daughte
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• Polysemy
  ...refers first of all to the opening of the buccal cavity, but next to this it refers to the point where a river joins the sea.
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• Verb second
  ...econd position. If a language has verb second as a characteristic property it is called a verb second language.
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• Stress shifting affix
  ...úctive'', the suffix attracts stress to the syllable immediately preceding it (''productívity''). Stress shift to the last syllable of the base is a pro
  935 bytes (139 words) - 16:54, 10 June 2009
• Taxonomy
  A '''taxonymy''' is a specific type of [[hyponymy]]. It holds only between pairs of predicates that stand in a 'type of' or 'sort o
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• Aktionsart
  '''Aktionsart''' is a property of (mostly verbal) predicates. It concerns the internal temporal constituency of a (type of) situation denote ...ook him x time to do x ...'' can only co-occur with accomplishments, since it only allows a durative and telic interpretation.
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• Accusative case
  ...casus accusativus'' is a loan translation of Greek ''ptoosis aitiatikee''. It is generally regarded as an infelicitous translation, because Greek ''aitia
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• Velar
  It is produced with a constriction formed by raising the back of the tongue (=
  875 bytes (127 words) - 09:02, 30 August 2014
• Human information system
  ...ncoming information in the type of process known as perception. He stores it and performs processes such as comparing or putting out information. One o
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• OR node
  ...of the OR node takes precedence over the other line: If it can be taken, it is. The other line is the ''default line''. The line which takes preceden
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• Theme vowel
  ...first declension, the root is followed by the theme vowel -''a''-, and if it belongs to the second declension the root is followed by -''o''-: ''môus
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• Quantificational noun phrase
  If sentence (i)a means that for every girl it is the case that he gave her a book, its LF looks like (i)b where the quant
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• Germanic
  ...l established since Bopp 1818, which established the Indo-European family. It has never been in doubt.
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• Phrase structure in Skolt Saami
  ...subject however,and the demonstrative article has been glossed in plural, it seems reasonable to gloss the head noun as nominative plural so that both c ...e term “adposition” is term used predominantly in Scandinavian studies, as it has not only pre- & postpositions, but also circumpositions.
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• Small clause
  In general a small clause is an XP with a subject, where X = N, A, V or P. It is a point of debate whether the subject is in the [[specifier]] position o
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• Superstratum
  ...ratum (i.e. Gaulish influenced French but its speakers were not dominant), it has a Frankish superstratum (because the Frankish speakers dominated France
  855 bytes (118 words) - 15:56, 27 July 2014
• Sluicing
  ...here is an [[empty category]] following ''which sonata's'', and if so, how it is licensed (see [[licensing]]).
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• Aspect
  ...verbs that has to do with the internal temporal constituency of an event. It is a cover term for those properties of a sentence that constitute the temp ...perfectivity in combination with [[dynamic]] (non-stative) situations, but it is not regularly used with [[stative]] verbs.
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• Polytextuality
  ...of a morpheme might be measured in terms of the number of different words it occurs in (by some authors confused with the term "productivity").
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• No Phrase Constraint
  ...tself contains the phrase ''no phrase''. However, in many other languages, it seems to hold for compounds as well.
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• Topicalization
  ...ject ''Maria'' in (ii)b or the direct object ''viele Geschenke'' in (ii)c, it receives emphatic stress.
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• Stratificational Grammar
  ...al network theory]] rather than stratificational theory. Beginning in 1971 it was also called ''cognitive linguistics'', but when that term became more w
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• Lexical category
  ...s used for the major parts of speech [[noun]], [[verb]] and [[adjective]]. It is not a perfect synonym of the terms [[part of speech]]/[[word class]], be
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• Structural case
  It has been proposed that a verb assigns structural Accusative case to its NP
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• ID-rule
  ...interpreted as a well-formedness condition for [[local tree|local trees]]: It licenses all local trees with a root ''X'' and daughters <math>Y_1,</math>
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• Stress
  * ... are stressed on the [[ultimate]] syllable if it is [[heavy]]: ''carouse'', ''esteem'', ''fatigue'', ''foment'', ''maintain' * ... are stressed on the [[penultimate]] syllable if it is not light: ''appendix'', ''banana'', ''intestine'', etc.
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• Second language acquisition
  The CCH emerged in the 1970s. It was based on a critical appraisal of the role of interference in '''second ...[interlanguage]] and differs from both the native and the target language. It approximates the target language during the learning process, however. [[In
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• Priming
  ...ms. Phonologically and semantically similar [[word]]s are linked together. It is assumed that [[activation]] of one lexical item can spread to related it
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• Nection boundary
  ...to the same nection as its source, and the boundary is the point at which it connects to its destination node, marked in the notation by an arrowhead.
  912 bytes (127 words) - 06:12, 8 October 2017
• Main clause
  ...ticians, because main clauses are not clauses, just clause remainders. But it is sometimes useful for reference, i.e. when one talks about the relation b
  1 KB (172 words) - 18:53, 12 July 2014
• Property
  ...s more or less of a given property than another one, or the same amount of it – formally: P(A) > P(B), P(A) = P(B) or P(A) < P(B). Applying this kind o ...y 1. Only by means of concepts on higher scales, i.e. quantitative ones is it possible to pose deeper-reaching questions and even to make corresponding o
  4 KB (691 words) - 14:05, 9 August 2014
• Maxim of relevance
  ...jointly constitute the [[cooperative principle]]. Grice (1975: 47) defines it as follows: "I expect a partner’s contribution to be appropriate to immed B: It’s in your room.
  3 KB (445 words) - 12:36, 13 July 2014
• Tactic connector
  ...rotated square, which corresponds to the term, ''diamond node'', by which it was known formerly.
  1 KB (179 words) - 06:23, 8 October 2017
• Adjacency
  ...assignment]] is not met, hence the [[NP]] cannot be assigned case so that it violates the case filter, and the sentence is ungrammatical.
  1 KB (146 words) - 09:30, 14 June 2014
• Communicative dynamism
  ...ree of communicative dynamism of a sentence element is the extent to which it pushes the communication forward and the elements with least communicative
  1 KB (144 words) - 14:40, 5 July 2009
• Restrictive relative clause
  ...[[relative clause]] that [[restrict]]s the meaning of the [[head noun]]. It is used to restrict the class of entities that can be denoted by a [[noun p
  1 KB (159 words) - 17:20, 28 September 2014
• Phonetics
  ...acoustic]], and [[perception|perceptual]] properties of [[speech sound]]s. It has corresponding subfields: [[Articulatory Phonetics]], which explores how
  1 KB (155 words) - 18:47, 2 June 2015
• Syntactic complexity
  ...ction type and vice versa. In the framework of [[synergetic linguistics]], it is also connected with [[position]] (within a mother constituent) and [[len
  1 KB (144 words) - 09:55, 14 September 2014
• Feature cooccurrence restrictions
  ...G takes feature structures to be arbitrary sets of feature specifications, it is necessary to block the combination of feature specifications which from
  1 KB (154 words) - 16:17, 29 June 2014
• Acceptable
  ...that the sentence [[grammatical]] by the syntactic rules of its language. It only refers to its intelligibility and likelihood of production according t
  1 KB (163 words) - 09:09, 14 June 2014
• Ngram frequency
  It is not unusual to extend the word with a couple of 'space' characters, to g
  1,021 bytes (165 words) - 16:38, 18 July 2014
• Restricted quantifier
  It can also be represented in standard predicate logic by means of connectives
  1 KB (166 words) - 17:32, 28 September 2014
• Information structure
  ...o Erteschik-Shir (2007:1), the term goes back to Halliday (1967). However, it became dominant only in the 1990s.
  1 KB (144 words) - 14:33, 5 July 2009
• Number
  It is one of the [[phi-features]] which may be involved in [[agreement]]. The
  1 KB (152 words) - 16:52, 18 July 2014
• One-affix-one-rule hypothesis
  ...es a unique phonological [[operation]] which is performed on the [[base]]. It specifies a unique syntactic label and [[subcategorization frame]], as well
  1 KB (172 words) - 16:13, 8 July 2009
• Phoneme
  ...honological [[segment]] that can distinguish meanings. This differentiates it from other [[speech sound]]s that do not contribute to the uniqueness of a
  1 KB (168 words) - 19:57, 24 July 2010
• Sense
  ...y the sense of a word we mean its place in a system of relationships which it contrasts with other words in the vocabulary."'' (Lyons 1968:427)
  1 KB (157 words) - 08:24, 10 August 2014
• International Phonetic Alphabet
  ...comparing the pronunciations of all of the spoken languages of the world. It is produced by the [[International Phonetic Association]] (also abbreviated
  1 KB (205 words) - 20:13, 2 June 2015
• Syllabary
  ...'' is used in a different sense in theories of [[speech production]] where it is assumed that there is '''a library of articulatory routines''' that is a
  1 KB (173 words) - 08:25, 16 August 2014
• Subcategorization
  ...rbs, by virtue of the fact that they must be followed by an NP complement. It is the obligatory presence of the object which gives rise to the subcategor
  1 KB (180 words) - 06:57, 16 August 2014
• Habitual aspect
  ...ither linguistically represented by verbal expressions like ''used to'' or it is indirectly implied in situations “in which the adverb ''usually'' is p The habitual aspect is a subcategory of the [[imperfective aspect]]. It must be distinguished from the [[iterative aspect]]. While '''habituals'''
  5 KB (728 words) - 21:32, 5 June 2010
• Multicultural London English
  ...Being the result of group second language acquisition of British English, it incorporates features of Patois, West African and Indian.
  1 KB (140 words) - 09:09, 13 November 2012
• Realization
  ...tion between separate [[stratum (in neurocognitive linguistics)|strata]]. It is to be distinguished from any relation in which one entity is rewritten i
  1 KB (181 words) - 06:05, 8 October 2017
• Wh-island
  ...r'' in (i)b is a ''wh''-island. The contrast with (i)a serves to show that it is the ''wh''-element ''to whom'' which blocks the extraction of ''what''.
  1 KB (170 words) - 18:30, 4 September 2014
• Upward monotonicity
  ...g'' or persistent), if D(A,B) implies D(A',B) where A' is a superset of A. It is right upward monotone (or ''right monotone increasing'') if D(A,B) impli
  1 KB (181 words) - 16:55, 24 August 2014
• Ablative case
  ...from the Latin prefix ''ab-'' 'away from' plus the root ''lat-'' 'carry'. It is first attested in English in the 15th century, and the Latin form ''casu
  1 KB (203 words) - 21:18, 17 October 2016
• Specified subject condition
  Informally, a subject is specified if it is overt. Therefore, the reciprocal ''each other'' can be bound by ''the me
  1 KB (196 words) - 07:59, 4 November 2014
• Lexeme (i.e. set of word-forms)
  ...d [[word-form]]s that differ only in their [[inflection]]al properties. As it is usually assumed that not all regularly formed word-forms are listed in t
  1 KB (171 words) - 16:13, 7 April 2009
• Relative clause
  ...hrase]] and in which the referent of the phrase plays a [[semantic role]]. It is introduced by a [[relative pronoun]] and which modifies its [[NP]] [[ant
  1 KB (193 words) - 16:40, 28 September 2014
• Diphthong
  ...ality, with the change consistently progressing toward a single target, as it were, then the sound is classified as a '''diphthong'''."'' (Laver 1994:146
  1 KB (173 words) - 18:18, 28 June 2014
• Agglutinating language
  ...[[word formation]], and that the other three types are [[deviation]]s from it. This traditional classification of languages into four morphological group
  1 KB (191 words) - 15:28, 18 May 2014
• Tagger
  It is common practice to distinguish between rule-based and stochastic taggers
  1 KB (164 words) - 16:30, 27 July 2014
• Irish
  ...and the European Union, and has official recognition in Northern Ireland. It is a required subject for most schoolchildren in the Republic of Ireland, b ...rom a few adverbs like ''anseo'' ‘here’ and ''abhaile'' ‘home(ward)’ where it falls on the second syllable. In the southern (Munster) dialect, stress fal
  13 KB (1,654 words) - 20:27, 4 July 2014
• Theme and rheme
  However, it was not coined by Mathesius, but by [[Hermann Ammann]]. The term pair ''the
  1 KB (165 words) - 12:35, 4 May 2019
• Ambiguity, Polysemy and Vagueness
  ...rent readings. That means that “an expression or utterance is ambiguous if it can be interpreted in more than one way” (Löbner 2002: p. 39). However, ...concerned with multiple interpretations of lexemes. A word is ambiguous if it involves two lexical items that have identical forms, but have distinct, i.
  12 KB (1,883 words) - 16:39, 15 June 2014
• Absolute tense
  ...lute tense' ''' is misleading insofar as tense is inherently deictic, i.e. it is interpreted relative to a [[deictic centre]] ([[origo]]).
  1 KB (183 words) - 09:05, 14 June 2014
• Right roof constraint
  The notion of 'command' in (i) is not as strict as [[c-command]]<nowiki>: it goes up to the first S. The name - Right Roof Constraint - is due to Soames
  1 KB (208 words) - 18:24, 28 September 2014
• Rekursivität
  ...auser et al., The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve? Science 2002/298, 1569-1579.<br> S. Pinker & R. S. Jackendoff , The Faculty of Language: What’s Special about It? Cognition 2005, 1-36.<br>
  5 KB (674 words) - 20:07, 25 July 2014
• Semantic representation
  ...ic representation is sufficient or necessary, about its form and about how it relates to syntactic representations. Mentalistic, representational theorie
  1 KB (192 words) - 18:28, 28 October 2014
• Developmental plausibility
  ...terion may be called the requirement of '''developmental plausibility'''. It provides another easy way to distinguish a theory of linguistic structure f
  1 KB (217 words) - 19:03, 28 January 2018
• Future tense
  ...tion is based on the meaning of the verb ''go'' followed by an infinitive. It originates from an intention-based construction expressing future time refe ...a result of present cause and appears in a wider range of contexts because it is found with human, animal and inanimate subjects:
  9 KB (1,339 words) - 22:00, 19 September 2009
• Strong crossover
  '''Strong crossover''' is a one kind of [[crossover]]. It occurs in configurations in which a ''wh''-element or quantificational NP u
  1 KB (205 words) - 08:55, 10 August 2014
• Proper government
  ...e of [[government]]. A [[category]] is [[properness|properly]] governed if it is governed by a proper [[governor]]. Categories that are usually considere
  1 KB (179 words) - 19:12, 27 September 2014
• Negation
  ...in which something is said not to be the case. In [[propositional logic]], it is the [[logical operation]] which turns the [[truth value]] of a [[propos
  1 KB (192 words) - 16:35, 18 July 2014
• Maxim of manner
  ...[[conversational maxim]]s which constitute the [[Cooperative Principle]]. It makes the following requirements: ...stereotypical interpretation; if in contrast a marked expression is used, it is suggested that the stereotypical interpretation should be avoided." (Lev
  5 KB (819 words) - 12:34, 13 July 2014
• Proposition
  ...he basis of the meaning of a simple statement, which can be true or false. It is part of the ''[[Speech act]]'' theory mainly proposed by [[John Langshaw
  2 KB (235 words) - 16:52, 12 April 2014
• Propositional logic
  Translation into propositional logic makes it clear that the argument in (i) is valid because of certain logical constant
  1 KB (221 words) - 19:16, 27 September 2014
• Verb
  ...term origins from [[Latin]]: ''verbum'' (word). Already in the Middle Ages it was used in its grammatical meaning by missionars.
  2 KB (220 words) - 19:23, 2 August 2014
• Merge
  In [[minimalism]], '''Merge''' is the structure-building operation. It takes two elements from the [[numeration]], combines them and assigns a [[l
  2 KB (222 words) - 15:47, 13 July 2014
• Level Ordering Hypothesis
  ...e affixation of -''ness'' takes place after the stress rules have applied, it is correctly predicted that -''ness'' cannot affect the stress already assi
  2 KB (220 words) - 16:12, 8 July 2009
• Strict Cyclicity
  ...cation of cyclic rules important theoretical consequences have been drawn. It follows form this condition that cyclic rules cannot operate on underived l
  2 KB (216 words) - 08:50, 10 August 2014
• Sentential subject constraint
  ...aint''' is one of the constraints on [[movement]] proposed by Ross (1967). It states that
  1 KB (200 words) - 18:56, 28 October 2014
• Structure preservation
  ...erlying sound inventory of Dutch does not contain voiceless sonorants, but it does contain voiced and voiceless obstruents. Furthermore, Dutch has a rule
  1 KB (207 words) - 09:11, 10 August 2014
• Stratum (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...were called ''levels'', but the term was found to be too ambiguous, since it was being used by linguists in many different ways. The term '''realizatio
  2 KB (237 words) - 06:10, 8 October 2017
• Reciprocal construction
  ...-ary predicate and for at least one set of arguments A, with |A| > or = 2; it is a typical feature of such constructions that one of the arguments denote
  1 KB (215 words) - 17:35, 24 July 2014
• Rich agreement
  ...e use of independent pronouns is optional (''io canto'' 'I sing'), whereas it is normally required in English.
  1 KB (191 words) - 11:50, 11 March 2010
• Parallel corpus
  ...naturally occurring) language data; (ii) it should be representative, i.e. it should contain data from different types of discourse. ...et language. In order to compare the original text and its translation(s), it is necessary to (re-)establish the correspondences between the texts. In th
  8 KB (1,196 words) - 17:22, 18 July 2014
• Verb movement
  ...utch]] (i) the uninflected verb ''kus'' is moved to I, and [[adjoin]]ed to it, to pick up the affix -''t'', and the resulting complex subsequently moves
  2 KB (257 words) - 08:37, 31 August 2014
• Portal:List of portals
  ...stics. A [[Help:Portal|portal]] is an introductory page for a given topic. It complements the main article of the subject by introducing the reader to ke
  2 KB (230 words) - 07:53, 23 September 2011
• Klein's (1994) theory of tense
  ...d into the room?" and the witness answers: "There was a book on the table. It was in Russian", the Topic Time is the point in time at which the witnessed
  1 KB (217 words) - 18:15, 21 October 2009
• Precedence ordering
  ...llowed to operate only if the conditioning environment(s) of what precedes it does not apply.
  2 KB (236 words) - 06:21, 8 October 2017
• Situation
  ...s. The concept 'situation' is so basic that it is very difficult to define it through still more basic concepts. It has the disadvantage of suggesting a stative situation, but this disadvanta
  11 KB (1,554 words) - 19:38, 21 October 2009
• Wh-movement
  ...ert or not; while ''wh''-movement is overt in English (see [[wh-in-situ]]) it appears to be covert in Chinese, and may be overt or covert in French.
  1 KB (201 words) - 18:33, 4 September 2014
• Ume Saami
  ...forest dialects. In some dialects, *ð is preserved or became d, in others it changed to r as in the neighbouring northern dialects of South Saami. A sim
  2 KB (182 words) - 14:29, 30 January 2013
• Aims and methods of quantitative linguistics
  ...as a set of sentences with their structures assigned to them, or do we see it as a system which is subject to evolutionary processes in analogy to biolog ...dict the probabilities of certain events or certain conditions in a whole. It is easy to find counter-examples to any of the examples cited above. Howeve
  9 KB (1,442 words) - 10:11, 14 June 2014
• Superiority condition
  ...tion can in principle be applied to two [[constituent]]s in the structure, it has to be applied to the one that is [[superiority|superior]]. The formal d
  2 KB (236 words) - 08:16, 16 August 2014
• Face (concept)
  ...articular society and the situation the social interaction is embedded in. It hence mirrors the way a person wants to be perceived by others in his surro ...of in order to avoid threats to one's face and to restore one's face after it has been threatened.
  6 KB (925 words) - 16:12, 29 June 2014
• VP-adjunction
  ...ritance. In order to explain the well-formedness of ''who did John see''?, it is assumed by Chomsky that the object first adjoins to VP and only then mov
  2 KB (268 words) - 10:46, 31 August 2014
• Mentalism
  ...he 20th century (e.g. in [[Leonard Bloomfield]]'s writings). At that time, it was opposed to [[mechanism]] (or [[physicalism]]). Later the view that in l
  2 KB (264 words) - 17:09, 30 May 2013
• Mutable lexeme
  From the fact that all constructions are mutable lexemes, it follows that the whole of a lexicogrammatical system is a collection of lex
  2 KB (275 words) - 19:07, 28 January 2018
• X-bar theory
  ...guistics|generative]] theory of language conceived by [[Noam A. Chomsky]]. It is a theory about the internal structure of syntactic constituents which wa ...d Prepositions, can now be referred to with the single feature [-N]. Thus, it becomes possible to characterize natural classes of syntactic categories. T
  5 KB (726 words) - 18:48, 7 September 2014
• Ablaut
  in English it is possible to derive the past tense of [[strong verb]]s by substituting th
  2 KB (237 words) - 08:58, 14 June 2014
• Cohesion
  ...nt that is crucial to the interpretation of it” (HALLIDAY & HASAN 1994:8). It is basically the glue that holds a [[text]] together and makes the differen ...e next intersection and then go straight for about 5 minutes. You will see it on your right-hand side.
  22 KB (3,425 words) - 17:49, 26 June 2010
• Osthoff's law
  ...and again in 1884 by the German linguist [[Hermann Osthoff]] (1847-1909). It is apparent mostly in Greek, but there were attempts to widen the domain of
  2 KB (200 words) - 18:56, 21 September 2014
• Multilingualism
  ...be language death, which means that the language is not spoken anymore, as it happened to some Celtic languages (Crystal 2007 362). ...though being practical, is always a matter of interpretation and judgment. It has to be carried out with due diligence (Edwards 2007, 455/456).
  18 KB (2,684 words) - 16:51, 22 May 2013
• Vaghezza semantica
  [[Category:It]]
  2 KB (229 words) - 13:06, 2 March 2018
• Tensed-S Condition
  ...s one of the conditions on [[transformation]]s proposed by Chomsky (1973). It states that [[extraction]] out of a tensed sentence is impossible, and is f
  2 KB (253 words) - 07:34, 17 August 2014
• Logical form
  In [[generative syntax]], it is a distinct, structural level of representation, usually abbreviated as L
  2 KB (326 words) - 18:51, 12 July 2014
• Verb raising
  ...ooks like the infinitival ''willen'' instead of the participle ''gewild''. It is a point of ongoing debate whether verb raising is actual movement or tha
  2 KB (274 words) - 08:37, 31 August 2014
• Reduplication
  Reduplication forms a predictable grammatical pattern, it is not any kind of repetition of phonological material. The function can be
  2 KB (241 words) - 01:01, 13 January 2014
• Logic
  ...he basis of a vocabulary of logical constants and other basic expressions, it specifies a set of axioms (expressed in conformity with the syntax of that
  2 KB (301 words) - 17:50, 21 September 2014
• Dual mechanism theory
  It is the theory that regular past tense verbs are generated by rules and the
  2 KB (249 words) - 18:44, 28 June 2014
• Operational plausibility
  ...efore, a model of "linguistic structure" cannot be considered realistic if it cannot be put into operation in a realistic way. This principle, the requir ...at the [[Relational network theory|relational network]] hypothesis, though it is supported also by neurological evidence, can be arrived at and justified
  9 KB (1,294 words) - 05:24, 8 March 2018
• Mapping Principle (in morphology)
  ...tical] ity]], since morphological principles such as level ordering demand it.
  2 KB (277 words) - 18:04, 21 September 2014
• Third construction
  ...(by [[scrambling]]) from the infinitival complement, before the remnant of it is extraposed. In many cases, the remnant will only contain the infinitival
  2 KB (289 words) - 09:36, 17 August 2014
• Raising to object
  ...ple]] and in conflict with [[Theta-theory]]. As a solution to this problem it has been proposed (e.g. in Chomsky 1991) that Raising-to-object is in fact
  2 KB (271 words) - 08:15, 28 September 2014
• Type logic
  ...traction, type logic is a very powerful logic for semantic representation. It has been fruitfully applied in [[Montague Grammar]].
  2 KB (324 words) - 08:31, 30 August 2014
• ID/LP rules
  ...ID- and LP-rules was motivated by the idea that by this division of labor it is possible to state important generalization concerning the word order (co
  2 KB (278 words) - 20:45, 3 July 2014
• Extended Level Ordering Hypothesis
  ...o replace Siegel's [[Level Ordering Hypothesis]]. Like Siegel's hypothesis it embodies the claim that affixation takes place at two linearly ordered leve
  2 KB (272 words) - 16:12, 8 July 2009
• Montague Grammar
  ...tly inspired by the work of the American philosopher [[Richard Montague]]. It is based on the idea that the meaning theories for natural languages and fo
  2 KB (304 words) - 18:24, 21 September 2014
• Performative
  ...hose utterances which are used to ''perform'' an act instead of describing it. Performative utterances thus stand in opposition to '''[[constative]]''' u ...re etc.). In so doing, the speaker does not describe the world but changes it.
  10 KB (1,477 words) - 13:07, 2 March 2018
• Quantifier Raising
  ...ng a rule of QR which mediates the determination of relative scope is that it explains the sensitivity of quantifier scope to syntactic boundedness effec
  2 KB (348 words) - 08:01, 28 September 2014
• Comrie's (1985) theory of tense
  ...ypes of temporal relations: (i) between R and S, and (ii) between R and E. It is important to note that the relative position of E and S is not specified
  2 KB (339 words) - 17:44, 21 October 2009
• Synergetic linguistics
  ...arity which separates it from other systems theoretical approaches is that it focuses on the ‘spontaneous’ rise and the development of structures. Sy
  5 KB (695 words) - 09:39, 14 September 2014
• Spectrogram
  ...ith that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms
  3 KB (402 words) - 08:14, 4 November 2014
• Tenses of English
  ...cal substance (it may be reduced to '''ll'') and semantic substance (since it no longer solely expresses volition, is no longer restricted to human being (4) It is going to rain.
  26 KB (4,208 words) - 16:34, 27 July 2014
• AND node
  An AND is represented by an isosceles triangle about half as tall as it is wide, with [[line|lines]] connecting to other nodes. The node can be or
  2 KB (359 words) - 02:05, 15 October 2017
• T-model
  It is usually assumed that, in [[English]], DS ( [[D-structure]]) is generated
  2 KB (303 words) - 07:06, 17 August 2014
• Reichenbach's (1947) theory of tense
  ...|| Future Perfect || I will have fixed the car by tonight. (just repairing it)
  2 KB (368 words) - 06:42, 22 April 2014
• Particle
  ...the particle ''uit'' seems to be a morphological part of the verb in (i), it is not in (ii).
  2 KB (320 words) - 19:06, 21 September 2014
• Resumptive pronoun
  ...(i), on the other hand, ''who'' has not been moved. But being an operator, it must bind a variable, in this case the resumptive pronoun ''him''.
  2 KB (361 words) - 16:56, 28 September 2014
• Agreement
  Recently, it has been proposed that agreement is the relation between a specific head [[
  2 KB (298 words) - 08:27, 3 August 2014
• Meaning
  ...ctual meaning' is the meaning that is realized in a specific context, i.e. it is relates to [[parole]] rather than [[langue]].
  3 KB (375 words) - 13:18, 13 July 2014
• De dicto and de re
  ...lph believes that there is a spy, though he doesn't know who in particular it is.
  2 KB (357 words) - 01:40, 8 February 2021
• Epistemische Modalität
  ...t he is presenting it as a deduction, that he has been told about it, that it is a matter only of appearance, based on the evidence of (possibily fallibl Epistemische Übersetzung: „It must be a good movie.“
  9 KB (1,188 words) - 17:40, 1 June 2014
• Nordsaamisch
  '''- (á)d-''' - bei zweisilbigen Stämmen auf '''–it''' und '''–at''' (Stämme haben starke Stufe. Vokalalternation vor der En '''-(a)dd- / -(a)ll-''' – bei kausativen Verben auf '''–it''' (Verben auf '''–uhit''' haben Vokalalternation u->o und Diphtongklang.
  17 KB (2,119 words) - 14:30, 30 January 2013
• Clause structure in Skolt Saami
  ...ical verbs (or main verbs). According to the examples which are available, it seems as though auxiliary verbs, unlike lexical verbs, do not come at the e ...languages, used as meta langauges for research, as they are SVO. Therefore it is possible that scandinavian languages have an influence on the word order
  12 KB (1,538 words) - 08:49, 7 March 2013
• Weak crossover
  ...er, since ''his'' does not c-command the ''wh''-trace, ''his'' cannot bind it (which would be a condition C violation). Still, coreference between ''who'
  2 KB (356 words) - 02:48, 6 August 2021
• Metatypy
  ...[[Malcolm D. Ross]] (1996:182) and elaborated in subsequent publications. It is based on Greek ''meta-'' (a prefix sometimes used to denote change. e.g.
  3 KB (356 words) - 16:05, 13 July 2014
• Gricean maxims
  *Atlas, J. and S. Levinson (1981) It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form, In: P. Cole ed., Radical Pragmat
  2 KB (337 words) - 12:44, 13 July 2014
• Irony
  ...at A knows that this is obvious to the audience" (Grice 1975: 53). In (9), it is clear to both the speaker and the audience that there is an incongruity ...(1975) analysis of irony does not, however, explain why irony is used. As it assumes that the intended meaning is obvious to both the speaker and the ad
  13 KB (1,992 words) - 20:32, 4 July 2014
• Runyankore
  | ||it-||book||it-||big||it-||one | ||hero||of||it-||fame
  17 KB (2,343 words) - 08:29, 4 January 2021
• Verner's law
  ...notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebun
  3 KB (359 words) - 10:06, 14 September 2014
• Kirgiz
  [this article is preliminary and needs to be corrected; it serves primarily illustrative purposes]
  3 KB (334 words) - 16:33, 4 February 2013
• Coherence
  ...f cohesion, with its constituents being interlinked by many cohesive ties, it does not need to be coherent. Consider, for instance, the following example # It was cold in the room. Someone had opened a window.
  16 KB (2,344 words) - 11:49, 20 May 2013
• Portal:Computational Linguistics
  Information Extraction is a text data mining subfield. It belongs in the Text Analytics family of tools
  4 KB (467 words) - 15:53, 24 September 2020
• Boris Isaakovič Jarcho
  ...006 by Russian philologists M.V. Akimova and M.L. Šapir (cf. Jarcho 2006). It is impossible to discuss all his ideas and considerations in the field of q ...derlying morphological categories. In this respect – according to Jarcho – it is possible and reasonable to build up the study of literature in analogy t
  16 KB (2,394 words) - 17:14, 21 June 2014
• Cognitive dome
  depends on it, varies from language to language and is largely learned through language.
  3 KB (516 words) - 04:58, 17 April 2018
• Code-switching
  ...tential codeswitching]], where the switch occurs between words or phrases (it may also occur within the same word). Both sentences together provide an ex ...sidered something that occurred randomly, without a logical pattern behind it, as a result of imperfect second language learning.
  10 KB (1,391 words) - 15:32, 31 January 2010
• Reanalysis (in generative syntax)
  ...in [[restructuring]] constructions containing a modal verb, see (ii), but it may also demote an external theta-role to become an internal one in causati
  3 KB (438 words) - 08:27, 28 September 2014
• Unaccusative verb
  ...transitive]] verb, which would be expected in an ''accusative'' alignment. It was introduced by Perlmutter (1978), but originally coined by G. Pullum (cf
  3 KB (411 words) - 12:36, 10 June 2009
• Swedish Phonology
  ...name="lindholm"/> Sometimes it is pronounced as /oː/ or /ɔ/ and sometimes it is /ʊ/ or /uː/, * when it follows a single consonant or when the vowel is at the end of the word,
  36 KB (4,969 words) - 13:01, 2 March 2018
• Politeness strategy
  If a person goes on record with redressive action, it means that he/she expresses an utterance while trying to counteract a possi
  3 KB (455 words) - 21:31, 28 September 2009
• Inflection
  ...[derivation]] (the second type of major morphological operation). Although it is not possible to draw a sharp boundary between both types of operation, t
  3 KB (418 words) - 21:53, 8 February 2021
• Case
  ...falling away from an assumed standard form". Fillmore (1968:6) translates it as ‘deviation’.
  3 KB (424 words) - 17:41, 21 June 2014
• Accusative with infinitive
  It is a kind of [[nonfinite construction]].
  3 KB (357 words) - 17:54, 12 June 2014
• Japanese
  ...is an East Asian language being mainly spoken on the Japanese archipelago. It is an agglutinative language. ...no data available concerning the exact number of Japanese native speakers. It is estimated at 126,000,000, a number which is based on the number of inhab
  11 KB (1,473 words) - 08:06, 23 May 2014
• Hadza
  ...r for a moraic nasal, ⟨ƞ⟩, which was retired from the IPA alphabet because it had no specific phonetic value. In Hadza, the moraic nasal is homorganic wi ...n]] due to its use of [[click consonant]]s. If it were not for the clicks, it's likely that Hadza would have been classified as [[Cushitic]]. Hadza and S
  26 KB (3,968 words) - 08:14, 5 January 2021
• Register (discourse)
  ...e speaker or writer; it thus includes the subject-matter as one element in it” (Halliday 1994, 22). The field describes activities and processes that a ...s of informal narrative and spontaneous conversation” (Halliday 1990, 40). It does not become entirely clear in Halliday’s approach how many registers
  16 KB (2,262 words) - 16:59, 22 May 2013
• Generative Grammatik
  ...et al. 2002. The Faculty of Language: What is it, Who has It, and How did It Evolve? ''Science'' 298, 1569–1579. ...S. & R. S. Jackendoff. 2005. The Faculty of Language: What’s Special about It? ''Cognition'', 1–36.
  11 KB (1,347 words) - 16:57, 21 May 2013
• Focal Colors
  ...ation of color is arbitrary, i.e. that it is based on conventions and that it is not innate. They said that such categorization is dependent on the cultu ...term is not borrowed from another language such as ''pink'' in German and it should not be restricted in its reference such as ''blond''. Color chips of
  14 KB (2,063 words) - 14:53, 20 May 2013
• Skolt Saami
  The name ''skolt'', and derived from it [[Finnish]] ''koltta'', is likely borrowed from [[North-Germanic]] ([[Norwe
  4 KB (499 words) - 19:41, 14 March 2013
• Kwarandzyey
  ...referring to one of the oasis' four villages. In local dialectal Arabic, it is normally termed ''šəlħa'', a generic term for non-Arabic local langua
  3 KB (438 words) - 16:40, 4 February 2013
• Siwi
  There is no doubt that Siwi is a Berber language, although it has undergone [[Arabic]] influence to a degree unusually heavy even for Ber
  4 KB (474 words) - 19:19, 4 February 2013
• Feature
  ...d into the features [+ male] and [- adult]. Alternatively, we can say that it is contained in both the category corresponding to the feature [+ male] (i.
  4 KB (612 words) - 19:54, 24 July 2010
• Complement
  ...servent à compléter l'idée exprimée par d'autres mots" (the examples make it clear that all kinds of [[dependent]]s are meant).
  4 KB (621 words) - 13:20, 14 June 2009
• Interference
  ...ies a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead. ...be gespielt'') is not used in the same way as the English Present Perfect, it may come to interference at the syntactic level (cf. the learner English-ex
  11 KB (1,477 words) - 06:57, 22 October 2009
• Otto Jespersen
  ...ces in formation, in which two concepts are expressed in one unit; e.g., ''it rained, he ran indoors''. This term is qualified by a further concept calle
  4 KB (608 words) - 02:29, 19 March 2016
• Rif Berber
  ...proper extends to the west until the region immediately west of Elhoceima. It reaches to the south until the plains. In the high mountains around Ketama
  4 KB (638 words) - 19:19, 4 February 2013
• Swedish
  ...ikssvenska'' evolved from the dialects spoken around the Stockholm region. It is used in Sweden only and differs from Finland and Estonian Swedish, i.a. * Itä-Uusimaa (Öster-Nyland)
  5 KB (658 words) - 11:34, 2 March 2018
• Michif
  The number of speakers is estimated at fewer than 1,000; it was probably double or triple this number around the turn of the century bu
  5 KB (616 words) - 16:50, 4 February 2013
• Tschetschenisch
  === Kausativ mit Suffix –(i)it, -ijt === Das Kausativ wird mit dem Suffix '''–(i)it''' oder '''-ijt''' (abhängig vom Verbstamm) gebildet. Die historische Bede
  21 KB (2,943 words) - 08:35, 4 January 2021
• Underlying representation
  ...is intended, and not the subset of red cars that also happen to be nice), it has been proposed to use a comma (,) rather than a colon (:) to separate th
  5 KB (758 words) - 19:08, 2 August 2014
• Tense
  ...c time (TT). The [[topic time]] takes up a central position in his theory. It is defined as "the time span to which the speaker’s claim on this occasi
  6 KB (863 words) - 20:49, 23 May 2010
• North Saami
  ...herefore be considered transitional to the western group of Central Saami. It is subdivided into four dialects.
  4 KB (569 words) - 14:30, 30 January 2013
• Tsez
  ...palochka]] follows the vowel, since the pharyngealization actually affects it more than the preceding consonant) and with '''CˁV''' in the Latin transcr ...syllable structure is generally '''CV(C)'''. There are no vowel clusters. It is an [[agglutinative language]] with a complex morphology. Suffixes are ei
  50 KB (8,020 words) - 17:31, 2 March 2018
• Main Page
  ...encyclopedia for linguists by linguists that is currently being built up. It will contain [[Glottopedia:Dictionary articles|dictionary articles]] on all
  8 KB (758 words) - 10:19, 15 August 2023
• Phonologische und phonetische Universalien
  :''„Sound change happens, but it does not occur in order to make speech easier to :''articulate, easier to perceive or easier to transmit; it does not necessarily result''
  19 KB (2,675 words) - 13:52, 30 September 2011
• Markiertheitstheorie
  Haspelmath, Martin. 2005. Against markedness (and what to replace it with). ''Journal of Linguistics'' 42. 25–70. <br>
  22 KB (2,897 words) - 12:16, 2 March 2018
• Gustav Herdan
  ...nd taking into account the development of modern quantitative linguistics; it is easy to detect his mistakes. Detractors reviewing his work from the lin
  15 KB (2,047 words) - 23:54, 1 February 2010
• Kaili (en)
  ‘[it] is liked by him/her to be done’ = ‘(s)he really likes to...’ ...relations are mostly expressed by lexical rather than morphological means. It should therefore rather be regarded as a distinction between realis for (fa
  28 KB (3,744 words) - 12:54, 2 March 2018
• Nominalphrase im Schwedischen
  ett mynt vilke-t har glid-it ner i en springa<ref name="holmes" />
  10 KB (1,435 words) - 14:03, 31 August 2013
• Okzitanisch
  ...ren keine Proparoxytona: okz. ''nespola'', fr. ''nèfle'', sp. ''níspera'', it. ''nespola''.
  9 KB (1,234 words) - 13:42, 9 August 2014
• Azionalità
  ...ives and verbs''. Harvard Computational Laboratory Report, n.NSF-17. trad. it. in (G. Cinque) ''La semantica generativa'', Torino. [[Category:It]]
  21 KB (2,913 words) - 17:02, 15 June 2014
• Intensione
  [[Category:It]]
  10 KB (1,505 words) - 20:10, 4 July 2014
• Evidentialität
  Epistemische Übersetzung: „It must be a good movie.“ Evidentielle Übersetzung: „It is said to be a good movie.“<ref name="deha2"/>
  13 KB (1,794 words) - 11:45, 27 May 2014
• Ed:Forum
  ...the forum for the editors and members of the Scientific Advisory Council. It is publicly readable, but Glottopedia users who are not editors or members
  14 KB (1,942 words) - 05:46, 23 February 2020
• Reziprok
  | (21b)||''Máhtte '' ||'' ja '' || ''mun '' || ''oaidn-al-it. ''
  16 KB (2,261 words) - 07:19, 10 August 2014
• Maori
  :Chung : ''„ Frequency is a question of usage; as such, it is independent of the identity of the basic transitive construction and ::i
  25 KB (3,341 words) - 08:27, 4 January 2021
• Produttività
  ...In questo caso, dunque, il suffisso ''-ismo'' blocca l'applicazione di ''-ità'' in una parte ristretta del suo dominio, cioè gli aggettivi in ''-ano'' [[Category:It]]
  36 KB (5,037 words) - 19:59, 20 July 2014
• Intransitivita' scissa
  [[Category:It]]
  47 KB (6,479 words) - 20:24, 4 July 2014